Collapsars as Sites of r-process Nucleosynthesis: Systematic Near-Infrared Follow-up of Type Ic-BL Supernovae
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2023
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| author | Anand, Shreya Barnes, Jennifer Yang, Sheng Kasliwal, Mansi M. Coughlin, Michael W. Sollerman, Jesper De, Kishalay Fremling, Christoffer Corsi, Alessandra Ho, Anna Y. Q. Balasubramanian, Arvind Omand, Conor Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P. Cenko, S. Bradley Ahumada, Tomas Andreoni, Igor Dahiwale, Aishwarya Das, Kaustav Kashyap Jencson, Jacob Karambelkar, Viraj Kumar, Harsh Metzger, Brian D. Perley, Daniel Sarin, Nikhil Schweyer, Tassilo Schulze, Steve Sharma, Yashvi Sit, Tawny Stein, Robert Tartaglia, Leonardo Tinyanont, Samaporn Tzanidakis, Anastasios van Roestel, Jan Yao, Yuhan Bloom, Joshua S. Cook, David O. Dekany, Richard Graham, Matthew J. Groom, Steven L. Kaplan, David L. Masci, Frank J. Medford, Michael S. Riddle, Reed Zhang, Chaoran |
| author_facet | Anand, Shreya Barnes, Jennifer Yang, Sheng Kasliwal, Mansi M. Coughlin, Michael W. Sollerman, Jesper De, Kishalay Fremling, Christoffer Corsi, Alessandra Ho, Anna Y. Q. Balasubramanian, Arvind Omand, Conor Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P. Cenko, S. Bradley Ahumada, Tomas Andreoni, Igor Dahiwale, Aishwarya Das, Kaustav Kashyap Jencson, Jacob Karambelkar, Viraj Kumar, Harsh Metzger, Brian D. Perley, Daniel Sarin, Nikhil Schweyer, Tassilo Schulze, Steve Sharma, Yashvi Sit, Tawny Stein, Robert Tartaglia, Leonardo Tinyanont, Samaporn Tzanidakis, Anastasios van Roestel, Jan Yao, Yuhan Bloom, Joshua S. Cook, David O. Dekany, Richard Graham, Matthew J. Groom, Steven L. Kaplan, David L. Masci, Frank J. Medford, Michael S. Riddle, Reed Zhang, Chaoran |
| contents | One of the open questions following the discovery of GW170817 is whether neutron star mergers are the only astrophysical sites capable of producing $r$-process elements. Simulations have shown that 0.01-0.1M$_\odot$ of $r$-process material could be generated in the outflows originating from the accretion disk surrounding the rapidly rotating black hole that forms as a remnant to both neutron star mergers and collapsing massive stars associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (collapsars). The hallmark signature of $r$-process nucleosynthesis in the binary neutron star merger GW170817 was its long-lasting near-infrared emission, thus motivating a systematic photometric study of the light curves of broadlined stripped-envelope (Ic-BL) supernovae (SNe) associated with collapsars. We present the first systematic study of 25 SNe Ic-BL -- including 18 observed with the Zwicky Transient Facility and 7 from the literature -- in the optical/near-infrared bands to determine what quantity of $r$-process material, if any, is synthesized in these explosions. Using semi-analytic models designed to account for $r$-process production in SNe Ic-BL, we perform light curve fitting to derive constraints on the $r$-process mass for these SNe. We also perform independent light curve fits to models without $r$-process. We find that the $r$-process-free models are a better fit to the light curves of the objects in our sample. Thus we find no compelling evidence of $r$-process enrichment in any of our objects. Further high-cadence infrared photometric studies and nebular spectroscopic analysis would be sensitive to smaller quantities of $r$-process ejecta mass or indicate whether all collapsars are completely devoid of $r$-process nucleosynthesis. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2302_09226 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Collapsars as Sites of r-process Nucleosynthesis: Systematic Near-Infrared Follow-up of Type Ic-BL Supernovae Anand, Shreya Barnes, Jennifer Yang, Sheng Kasliwal, Mansi M. Coughlin, Michael W. Sollerman, Jesper De, Kishalay Fremling, Christoffer Corsi, Alessandra Ho, Anna Y. Q. Balasubramanian, Arvind Omand, Conor Srinivasaragavan, Gokul P. Cenko, S. Bradley Ahumada, Tomas Andreoni, Igor Dahiwale, Aishwarya Das, Kaustav Kashyap Jencson, Jacob Karambelkar, Viraj Kumar, Harsh Metzger, Brian D. Perley, Daniel Sarin, Nikhil Schweyer, Tassilo Schulze, Steve Sharma, Yashvi Sit, Tawny Stein, Robert Tartaglia, Leonardo Tinyanont, Samaporn Tzanidakis, Anastasios van Roestel, Jan Yao, Yuhan Bloom, Joshua S. Cook, David O. Dekany, Richard Graham, Matthew J. Groom, Steven L. Kaplan, David L. Masci, Frank J. Medford, Michael S. Riddle, Reed Zhang, Chaoran High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability One of the open questions following the discovery of GW170817 is whether neutron star mergers are the only astrophysical sites capable of producing $r$-process elements. Simulations have shown that 0.01-0.1M$_\odot$ of $r$-process material could be generated in the outflows originating from the accretion disk surrounding the rapidly rotating black hole that forms as a remnant to both neutron star mergers and collapsing massive stars associated with long-duration gamma-ray bursts (collapsars). The hallmark signature of $r$-process nucleosynthesis in the binary neutron star merger GW170817 was its long-lasting near-infrared emission, thus motivating a systematic photometric study of the light curves of broadlined stripped-envelope (Ic-BL) supernovae (SNe) associated with collapsars. We present the first systematic study of 25 SNe Ic-BL -- including 18 observed with the Zwicky Transient Facility and 7 from the literature -- in the optical/near-infrared bands to determine what quantity of $r$-process material, if any, is synthesized in these explosions. Using semi-analytic models designed to account for $r$-process production in SNe Ic-BL, we perform light curve fitting to derive constraints on the $r$-process mass for these SNe. We also perform independent light curve fits to models without $r$-process. We find that the $r$-process-free models are a better fit to the light curves of the objects in our sample. Thus we find no compelling evidence of $r$-process enrichment in any of our objects. Further high-cadence infrared photometric studies and nebular spectroscopic analysis would be sensitive to smaller quantities of $r$-process ejecta mass or indicate whether all collapsars are completely devoid of $r$-process nucleosynthesis. |
| title | Collapsars as Sites of r-process Nucleosynthesis: Systematic Near-Infrared Follow-up of Type Ic-BL Supernovae |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Astrophysics of Galaxies Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.09226 |