Spacetime picture for entanglement generation in noisy fermion chains

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Swann, Tobias, Bernard, Denis, Nahum, Adam
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2023
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author Swann, Tobias
Bernard, Denis
Nahum, Adam
author_facet Swann, Tobias
Bernard, Denis
Nahum, Adam
contents Studies of random unitary circuits have shown that the calculation of Renyi entropies of entanglement can be mapped to classical statistical mechanics problems in spacetime. In this paper, we develop an analogous spacetime picture of entanglement generation for random free or weakly interacting fermion systems without conservation laws. We first study a free-fermion model, namely a 1D chain of Majorana modes with nearest neighbour hoppings, random in both space and time. We analyze the Nth Renyi entropy of entanglement using a replica formalism, and we show that the effective model is equivalent to an SO(2N) Heisenberg spin chain evolving in imaginary time. By applying a saddle-point approximation to the coherent states path integral for the N = 2 case, we arrive at a semiclassical picture for the dynamics of the entanglement purity, in terms of two classical fields in spacetime. The classical solutions involve a smooth domain wall that interpolates between two values, with this domain wall relaxing diffusively in the time direction. We then study how adding weak interactions to the free-fermion model modifies this spacetime picture, reflecting a crossover from diffusive to ballistic spreading of information.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2302_12212
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Spacetime picture for entanglement generation in noisy fermion chains
Swann, Tobias
Bernard, Denis
Nahum, Adam
Statistical Mechanics
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Quantum Gases
Quantum Physics
Studies of random unitary circuits have shown that the calculation of Renyi entropies of entanglement can be mapped to classical statistical mechanics problems in spacetime. In this paper, we develop an analogous spacetime picture of entanglement generation for random free or weakly interacting fermion systems without conservation laws. We first study a free-fermion model, namely a 1D chain of Majorana modes with nearest neighbour hoppings, random in both space and time. We analyze the Nth Renyi entropy of entanglement using a replica formalism, and we show that the effective model is equivalent to an SO(2N) Heisenberg spin chain evolving in imaginary time. By applying a saddle-point approximation to the coherent states path integral for the N = 2 case, we arrive at a semiclassical picture for the dynamics of the entanglement purity, in terms of two classical fields in spacetime. The classical solutions involve a smooth domain wall that interpolates between two values, with this domain wall relaxing diffusively in the time direction. We then study how adding weak interactions to the free-fermion model modifies this spacetime picture, reflecting a crossover from diffusive to ballistic spreading of information.
title Spacetime picture for entanglement generation in noisy fermion chains
topic Statistical Mechanics
Disordered Systems and Neural Networks
Quantum Gases
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2302.12212