scaleTRIM: Scalable TRuncation-Based Integer Approximate Multiplier with Linearization and Compensation

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Main Authors: Farahmand, Ebrahim, Askarizadeh, Mohammad Javad, Mahani, Ali, Ghavami, Behnam, Ghasemzadeh, Hassan, Hanif, Muhammad Abdullah, Shafique, Muhammad
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Farahmand, Ebrahim
Askarizadeh, Mohammad Javad
Mahani, Ali
Ghavami, Behnam
Ghasemzadeh, Hassan
Hanif, Muhammad Abdullah
Shafique, Muhammad
author_facet Farahmand, Ebrahim
Askarizadeh, Mohammad Javad
Mahani, Ali
Ghavami, Behnam
Ghasemzadeh, Hassan
Hanif, Muhammad Abdullah
Shafique, Muhammad
contents In this paper, we propose a scalable approximate multiplier design, scaleTRIM, that approximates the multiplication operation using fitted linear functions, also referred to as linearization. We show that multiplication operations can be completely replaced by low-cost addition and bit-wise shift operations by exploiting linearization. Moreover, our proposed design utilizes a lookup table (LUT)-based compensation unit as a novel error-reduction method. In essence, input operands are truncated to a reduced bit-width representation (i.e., h bits) based on their leading-one positions. Then, a curve-fitting method is employed to map the product term to a linear function. Additionally, a piecewise constant error-correction term is used to reduce the approximation error. To compute the piecewise constant, we divide the function space into M segments and average the errors within each segment. In particular, our multiplier supports various degrees of truncation and error compensation to offer a range of accuracy-efficiency trade-offs. The proposed multiplier improves the Mean Relative Error Distance (MRED) by about 15.2% while satisfying the efficiency constraint and improves the Power Delay Product (PDP) by about 22.8% while satisfying the accuracy and efficiency constraints compared to different state-of-the-art approximate multipliers. From a usability perspective, our evaluation of the proposed design for image classification using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) demonstrates that scaleTRIM offers a better accuracy-efficiency trade-off than state-of-the-art approximate multiplier designs.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2303_02495
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle scaleTRIM: Scalable TRuncation-Based Integer Approximate Multiplier with Linearization and Compensation
Farahmand, Ebrahim
Askarizadeh, Mohammad Javad
Mahani, Ali
Ghavami, Behnam
Ghasemzadeh, Hassan
Hanif, Muhammad Abdullah
Shafique, Muhammad
Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
In this paper, we propose a scalable approximate multiplier design, scaleTRIM, that approximates the multiplication operation using fitted linear functions, also referred to as linearization. We show that multiplication operations can be completely replaced by low-cost addition and bit-wise shift operations by exploiting linearization. Moreover, our proposed design utilizes a lookup table (LUT)-based compensation unit as a novel error-reduction method. In essence, input operands are truncated to a reduced bit-width representation (i.e., h bits) based on their leading-one positions. Then, a curve-fitting method is employed to map the product term to a linear function. Additionally, a piecewise constant error-correction term is used to reduce the approximation error. To compute the piecewise constant, we divide the function space into M segments and average the errors within each segment. In particular, our multiplier supports various degrees of truncation and error compensation to offer a range of accuracy-efficiency trade-offs. The proposed multiplier improves the Mean Relative Error Distance (MRED) by about 15.2% while satisfying the efficiency constraint and improves the Power Delay Product (PDP) by about 22.8% while satisfying the accuracy and efficiency constraints compared to different state-of-the-art approximate multipliers. From a usability perspective, our evaluation of the proposed design for image classification using Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) demonstrates that scaleTRIM offers a better accuracy-efficiency trade-off than state-of-the-art approximate multiplier designs.
title scaleTRIM: Scalable TRuncation-Based Integer Approximate Multiplier with Linearization and Compensation
topic Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.02495