A Diffraction Grating for the Cosmic Neutrino Background and Dark Matter
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2023
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| _version_ | 1866911742672502784 |
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| author | Arvanitaki, Asimina Dimopoulos, Savas |
| author_facet | Arvanitaki, Asimina Dimopoulos, Savas |
| contents | We propose structures of size between $\sim 1$ meter to 100 meters that drastically alter the local distribution of the Cosmic Neutrino Background ($CνB$). These structures have a shape reminiscent of a sea urchin: They consist of rods of width $w$ and length $L \gg w$ periodically arranged on the surface of sphere of radius $R\sim L$. Such a structure functions as a diffraction phase grating and produces a region around its center where the fractional neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry is $\sim kδ_νL$, where $k$ is the neutrino momentum, and $δ_ν$ the deviation of the neutrino index of refraction from unity. The asymmetry has a gradient set by the rod width.
We find that the local neutrino asymmetry can be enhanced by $\mathcal{O}(\text{few}\times 10^6)$ relative to the naive Standard Model expectation, for reasonably sized structures. This results in a force $\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ times bigger than the one we recently pointed out due to the neutrinos' reflection on the surface of the Earth. While in this paper we do not propose a concrete detection setup, we estimate that the $\mathcal{O}(G_F)$ force on a test mass can be close to the Standard Quantum Limit of a torsion balance or a low frequency harmonic oscillator.
Finally, we show that this $C νB$ diffractor can be used as a Dark Matter diffractor. For example, the QCD axion Dark Matter with decay constant $f_a$ around $10^9$ GeV can be sufficiently diffracted to produce a gradient force that is up to $\mathcal{O}(10^2)$ times larger than the one from the $C νB$.
This is the first setup of this kind and the simplicity of our design suggests that there could be significant improvements that escape us. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2303_04814 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Diffraction Grating for the Cosmic Neutrino Background and Dark Matter Arvanitaki, Asimina Dimopoulos, Savas High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Experiment High Energy Physics - Theory We propose structures of size between $\sim 1$ meter to 100 meters that drastically alter the local distribution of the Cosmic Neutrino Background ($CνB$). These structures have a shape reminiscent of a sea urchin: They consist of rods of width $w$ and length $L \gg w$ periodically arranged on the surface of sphere of radius $R\sim L$. Such a structure functions as a diffraction phase grating and produces a region around its center where the fractional neutrino-antineutrino asymmetry is $\sim kδ_νL$, where $k$ is the neutrino momentum, and $δ_ν$ the deviation of the neutrino index of refraction from unity. The asymmetry has a gradient set by the rod width. We find that the local neutrino asymmetry can be enhanced by $\mathcal{O}(\text{few}\times 10^6)$ relative to the naive Standard Model expectation, for reasonably sized structures. This results in a force $\mathcal{O}(10^3)$ times bigger than the one we recently pointed out due to the neutrinos' reflection on the surface of the Earth. While in this paper we do not propose a concrete detection setup, we estimate that the $\mathcal{O}(G_F)$ force on a test mass can be close to the Standard Quantum Limit of a torsion balance or a low frequency harmonic oscillator. Finally, we show that this $C νB$ diffractor can be used as a Dark Matter diffractor. For example, the QCD axion Dark Matter with decay constant $f_a$ around $10^9$ GeV can be sufficiently diffracted to produce a gradient force that is up to $\mathcal{O}(10^2)$ times larger than the one from the $C νB$. This is the first setup of this kind and the simplicity of our design suggests that there could be significant improvements that escape us. |
| title | A Diffraction Grating for the Cosmic Neutrino Background and Dark Matter |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Physics - Experiment High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.04814 |