Universal trade-off between irreversibility and intrinsic timescale in thermal relaxation with applications to thermodynamic inference
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2023
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| _version_ | 1866917049524027392 |
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| author | Bao, Ruicheng Du, Chaoqun Cao, Zhiyu Hou, Zhonghuai |
| author_facet | Bao, Ruicheng Du, Chaoqun Cao, Zhiyu Hou, Zhonghuai |
| contents | We establish a general lower bound for the entropy production rate (EPR) based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Logarithmic-Sobolev constant that characterizes the time-scale of relaxation. This bound can be considered as an enhanced second law of thermodynamics. When applied to thermal relaxation, it reveals a universal trade-off relation between the dissipation rate and the intrinsic relaxation timescale. From this relation, a thermodynamic upper bound on the relaxation time between two given states emerges, acting as an inverse speed limit over the entire time region. We also obtain a quantum version of this upper bound, which is always tighter than its classical counterpart, incorporating an additional term due to decoherence. Remarkably, we further demonstrate that the trade-off relation remains valid for any generally non-Markovian coarse-grained relaxation dynamics, highlighting its significant applications in thermodynamic inference. This trade-off relation is a new tool in inferring EPRs in molecular dynamics simulations and practical experiments. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2303_06428 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Universal trade-off between irreversibility and intrinsic timescale in thermal relaxation with applications to thermodynamic inference Bao, Ruicheng Du, Chaoqun Cao, Zhiyu Hou, Zhonghuai Statistical Mechanics Quantum Physics We establish a general lower bound for the entropy production rate (EPR) based on the Kullback-Leibler divergence and the Logarithmic-Sobolev constant that characterizes the time-scale of relaxation. This bound can be considered as an enhanced second law of thermodynamics. When applied to thermal relaxation, it reveals a universal trade-off relation between the dissipation rate and the intrinsic relaxation timescale. From this relation, a thermodynamic upper bound on the relaxation time between two given states emerges, acting as an inverse speed limit over the entire time region. We also obtain a quantum version of this upper bound, which is always tighter than its classical counterpart, incorporating an additional term due to decoherence. Remarkably, we further demonstrate that the trade-off relation remains valid for any generally non-Markovian coarse-grained relaxation dynamics, highlighting its significant applications in thermodynamic inference. This trade-off relation is a new tool in inferring EPRs in molecular dynamics simulations and practical experiments. |
| title | Universal trade-off between irreversibility and intrinsic timescale in thermal relaxation with applications to thermodynamic inference |
| topic | Statistical Mechanics Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.06428 |