_version_ 1866915744803979264
author Chanda, Tirtha
Hauser, Katja
Hobelsberger, Sarah
Bucher, Tabea-Clara
Garcia, Carina Nogueira
Wies, Christoph
Kittler, Harald
Tschandl, Philipp
Navarrete-Dechent, Cristian
Podlipnik, Sebastian
Chousakos, Emmanouil
Crnaric, Iva
Majstorovic, Jovana
Alhajwan, Linda
Foreman, Tanya
Peternel, Sandra
Sarap, Sergei
Özdemir, İrem
Barnhill, Raymond L.
Velasco, Mar Llamas
Poch, Gabriela
Korsing, Sören
Sondermann, Wiebke
Gellrich, Frank Friedrich
Heppt, Markus V.
Erdmann, Michael
Haferkamp, Sebastian
Drexler, Konstantin
Goebeler, Matthias
Schilling, Bastian
Utikal, Jochen S.
Ghoreschi, Kamran
Fröhling, Stefan
Krieghoff-Henning, Eva
Brinker, Titus J.
author_facet Chanda, Tirtha
Hauser, Katja
Hobelsberger, Sarah
Bucher, Tabea-Clara
Garcia, Carina Nogueira
Wies, Christoph
Kittler, Harald
Tschandl, Philipp
Navarrete-Dechent, Cristian
Podlipnik, Sebastian
Chousakos, Emmanouil
Crnaric, Iva
Majstorovic, Jovana
Alhajwan, Linda
Foreman, Tanya
Peternel, Sandra
Sarap, Sergei
Özdemir, İrem
Barnhill, Raymond L.
Velasco, Mar Llamas
Poch, Gabriela
Korsing, Sören
Sondermann, Wiebke
Gellrich, Frank Friedrich
Heppt, Markus V.
Erdmann, Michael
Haferkamp, Sebastian
Drexler, Konstantin
Goebeler, Matthias
Schilling, Bastian
Utikal, Jochen S.
Ghoreschi, Kamran
Fröhling, Stefan
Krieghoff-Henning, Eva
Brinker, Titus J.
contents Although artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been shown to improve the accuracy of initial melanoma diagnosis, the lack of transparency in how these systems identify melanoma poses severe obstacles to user acceptance. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods can help to increase transparency, but most XAI methods are unable to produce precisely located domain-specific explanations, making the explanations difficult to interpret. Moreover, the impact of XAI methods on dermatologists has not yet been evaluated. Extending on two existing classifiers, we developed an XAI system that produces text and region based explanations that are easily interpretable by dermatologists alongside its differential diagnoses of melanomas and nevi. To evaluate this system, we conducted a three-part reader study to assess its impact on clinicians' diagnostic accuracy, confidence, and trust in the XAI-support. We showed that our XAI's explanations were highly aligned with clinicians' explanations and that both the clinicians' trust in the support system and their confidence in their diagnoses were significantly increased when using our XAI compared to using a conventional AI system. The clinicians' diagnostic accuracy was numerically, albeit not significantly, increased. This work demonstrates that clinicians are willing to adopt such an XAI system, motivating their future use in the clinic.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2303_12806
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dermatologist-like explainable AI enhances trust and confidence in diagnosing melanoma
Chanda, Tirtha
Hauser, Katja
Hobelsberger, Sarah
Bucher, Tabea-Clara
Garcia, Carina Nogueira
Wies, Christoph
Kittler, Harald
Tschandl, Philipp
Navarrete-Dechent, Cristian
Podlipnik, Sebastian
Chousakos, Emmanouil
Crnaric, Iva
Majstorovic, Jovana
Alhajwan, Linda
Foreman, Tanya
Peternel, Sandra
Sarap, Sergei
Özdemir, İrem
Barnhill, Raymond L.
Velasco, Mar Llamas
Poch, Gabriela
Korsing, Sören
Sondermann, Wiebke
Gellrich, Frank Friedrich
Heppt, Markus V.
Erdmann, Michael
Haferkamp, Sebastian
Drexler, Konstantin
Goebeler, Matthias
Schilling, Bastian
Utikal, Jochen S.
Ghoreschi, Kamran
Fröhling, Stefan
Krieghoff-Henning, Eva
Brinker, Titus J.
Quantitative Methods
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Image and Video Processing
Although artificial intelligence (AI) systems have been shown to improve the accuracy of initial melanoma diagnosis, the lack of transparency in how these systems identify melanoma poses severe obstacles to user acceptance. Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods can help to increase transparency, but most XAI methods are unable to produce precisely located domain-specific explanations, making the explanations difficult to interpret. Moreover, the impact of XAI methods on dermatologists has not yet been evaluated. Extending on two existing classifiers, we developed an XAI system that produces text and region based explanations that are easily interpretable by dermatologists alongside its differential diagnoses of melanomas and nevi. To evaluate this system, we conducted a three-part reader study to assess its impact on clinicians' diagnostic accuracy, confidence, and trust in the XAI-support. We showed that our XAI's explanations were highly aligned with clinicians' explanations and that both the clinicians' trust in the support system and their confidence in their diagnoses were significantly increased when using our XAI compared to using a conventional AI system. The clinicians' diagnostic accuracy was numerically, albeit not significantly, increased. This work demonstrates that clinicians are willing to adopt such an XAI system, motivating their future use in the clinic.
title Dermatologist-like explainable AI enhances trust and confidence in diagnosing melanoma
topic Quantitative Methods
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Image and Video Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.12806