Typical Macroscopic Long-Time Behavior for Random Hamiltonians
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2023
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| author | Teufel, Stefan Tumulka, Roderich Vogel, Cornelia |
| author_facet | Teufel, Stefan Tumulka, Roderich Vogel, Cornelia |
| contents | We consider a closed macroscopic quantum system in a pure state $ψ_t$ evolving unitarily and take for granted that different macro states correspond to mutually orthogonal subspaces $\mathcal{H}_ν$ (macro spaces) of Hilbert space, each of which has large dimension. We extend previous work on the question what the evolution of $ψ_t$ looks like macroscopically, specifically on how much of $ψ_t$ lies in each $\mathcal{H}_ν$. Previous bounds concerned the \emph{absolute} error for typical $ψ_0$ and/or $t$ and are valid for arbitrary Hamiltonians $H$; now, we provide bounds on the \emph{relative} error, which means much tighter bounds, with probability close to 1 by modeling $H$ as a random matrix, more precisely as a random band matrix (i.e., where only entries near the main diagonal are significantly nonzero) in a basis aligned with the macro spaces. We exploit particularly that the eigenvectors of $H$ are delocalized in this basis. Our main mathematical results confirm the two phenomena of generalized normal typicality (a type of long-time behavior) and dynamical typicality (a type of similarity within the ensemble of $ψ_0$ from an initial macro space). They are based on an extension we prove of a no-gaps delocalization result for random matrices by Rudelson and Vershynin. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2303_13242 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Typical Macroscopic Long-Time Behavior for Random Hamiltonians Teufel, Stefan Tumulka, Roderich Vogel, Cornelia Mathematical Physics Quantum Physics We consider a closed macroscopic quantum system in a pure state $ψ_t$ evolving unitarily and take for granted that different macro states correspond to mutually orthogonal subspaces $\mathcal{H}_ν$ (macro spaces) of Hilbert space, each of which has large dimension. We extend previous work on the question what the evolution of $ψ_t$ looks like macroscopically, specifically on how much of $ψ_t$ lies in each $\mathcal{H}_ν$. Previous bounds concerned the \emph{absolute} error for typical $ψ_0$ and/or $t$ and are valid for arbitrary Hamiltonians $H$; now, we provide bounds on the \emph{relative} error, which means much tighter bounds, with probability close to 1 by modeling $H$ as a random matrix, more precisely as a random band matrix (i.e., where only entries near the main diagonal are significantly nonzero) in a basis aligned with the macro spaces. We exploit particularly that the eigenvectors of $H$ are delocalized in this basis. Our main mathematical results confirm the two phenomena of generalized normal typicality (a type of long-time behavior) and dynamical typicality (a type of similarity within the ensemble of $ψ_0$ from an initial macro space). They are based on an extension we prove of a no-gaps delocalization result for random matrices by Rudelson and Vershynin. |
| title | Typical Macroscopic Long-Time Behavior for Random Hamiltonians |
| topic | Mathematical Physics Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.13242 |