PopulAtion Parameter Averaging (PAPA)

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Jolicoeur-Martineau, Alexia, Gervais, Emy, Fatras, Kilian, Zhang, Yan, Lacoste-Julien, Simon
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2023
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author Jolicoeur-Martineau, Alexia
Gervais, Emy
Fatras, Kilian
Zhang, Yan
Lacoste-Julien, Simon
author_facet Jolicoeur-Martineau, Alexia
Gervais, Emy
Fatras, Kilian
Zhang, Yan
Lacoste-Julien, Simon
contents Ensemble methods combine the predictions of multiple models to improve performance, but they require significantly higher computation costs at inference time. To avoid these costs, multiple neural networks can be combined into one by averaging their weights. However, this usually performs significantly worse than ensembling. Weight averaging is only beneficial when different enough to benefit from combining them, but similar enough to average well. Based on this idea, we propose PopulAtion Parameter Averaging (PAPA): a method that combines the generality of ensembling with the efficiency of weight averaging. PAPA leverages a population of diverse models (trained on different data orders, augmentations, and regularizations) while slowly pushing the weights of the networks toward the population average of the weights. We also propose PAPA variants (PAPA-all, and PAPA-2) that average weights rarely rather than continuously; all methods increase generalization, but PAPA tends to perform best. PAPA reduces the performance gap between averaging and ensembling, increasing the average accuracy of a population of models by up to 0.8% on CIFAR-10, 1.9% on CIFAR-100, and 1.6% on ImageNet when compared to training independent (non-averaged) models.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2304_03094
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle PopulAtion Parameter Averaging (PAPA)
Jolicoeur-Martineau, Alexia
Gervais, Emy
Fatras, Kilian
Zhang, Yan
Lacoste-Julien, Simon
Machine Learning
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Ensemble methods combine the predictions of multiple models to improve performance, but they require significantly higher computation costs at inference time. To avoid these costs, multiple neural networks can be combined into one by averaging their weights. However, this usually performs significantly worse than ensembling. Weight averaging is only beneficial when different enough to benefit from combining them, but similar enough to average well. Based on this idea, we propose PopulAtion Parameter Averaging (PAPA): a method that combines the generality of ensembling with the efficiency of weight averaging. PAPA leverages a population of diverse models (trained on different data orders, augmentations, and regularizations) while slowly pushing the weights of the networks toward the population average of the weights. We also propose PAPA variants (PAPA-all, and PAPA-2) that average weights rarely rather than continuously; all methods increase generalization, but PAPA tends to perform best. PAPA reduces the performance gap between averaging and ensembling, increasing the average accuracy of a population of models by up to 0.8% on CIFAR-10, 1.9% on CIFAR-100, and 1.6% on ImageNet when compared to training independent (non-averaged) models.
title PopulAtion Parameter Averaging (PAPA)
topic Machine Learning
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.03094