Stratifiable formulae are not context-free

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Ryan-Smith, Calliope
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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_version_ 1866916959327617024
author Ryan-Smith, Calliope
author_facet Ryan-Smith, Calliope
contents Stratified formulae were introduced by Quine as an alternative way to attack Russell's Paradox. Instead of limiting comprehension by size (as in $\mathsf{ZF}$ set theory, using its axiom scheme of separation), unlimited comprehension is given to formulae that are in some sense descended from formulae of typed set theory. By keeping variables in a stratified structure, the most common candidates for inconsistency such as $\{x\mid x\notin x\}$ are eliminated. Under the usual syntax of set theory, the set of stratified formulae form a formal language. We show that, unlike the full class of well-formed formulae of set theory, this language is not context-free, and extend the result to its complement. Therefore, much like the axioms of $\mathsf{PA}$ and $\mathsf{ZF}$ (under their usual axiomatizations), the theory $\mathsf{NF}$ as a formal language is not context-free. We then introduce a non-standard syntax of set theory and show that with this syntax there is a restricted class of formulae, the exo-stratified formulae, that is context-free and full (up to relabelling of variables).
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2304_10291
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Stratifiable formulae are not context-free
Ryan-Smith, Calliope
Logic
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
03D05, 03E70
F.4.1; F.4.3
Stratified formulae were introduced by Quine as an alternative way to attack Russell's Paradox. Instead of limiting comprehension by size (as in $\mathsf{ZF}$ set theory, using its axiom scheme of separation), unlimited comprehension is given to formulae that are in some sense descended from formulae of typed set theory. By keeping variables in a stratified structure, the most common candidates for inconsistency such as $\{x\mid x\notin x\}$ are eliminated. Under the usual syntax of set theory, the set of stratified formulae form a formal language. We show that, unlike the full class of well-formed formulae of set theory, this language is not context-free, and extend the result to its complement. Therefore, much like the axioms of $\mathsf{PA}$ and $\mathsf{ZF}$ (under their usual axiomatizations), the theory $\mathsf{NF}$ as a formal language is not context-free. We then introduce a non-standard syntax of set theory and show that with this syntax there is a restricted class of formulae, the exo-stratified formulae, that is context-free and full (up to relabelling of variables).
title Stratifiable formulae are not context-free
topic Logic
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
03D05, 03E70
F.4.1; F.4.3
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.10291