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| Main Author: | |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.12388 |
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| _version_ | 1866910568009433088 |
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| author | Ruangwises, Suthee |
| author_facet | Ruangwises, Suthee |
| contents | In this paper, we propose a physical protocol to verify the first nonzero term of a sequence using a deck of cards. The protocol lets a prover show the value of the first nonzero term of a given sequence to a verifier without revealing which term it is. Our protocol uses $Θ(1)$ shuffles, which is asymptotically lower than that of an existing protocol of Fukusawa and Manabe which uses $Θ(n)$ shuffles, where $n$ is the length of the sequence. We also apply our protocol to construct zero-knowledge proof protocols for three well-known logic puzzles: ABC End View, Goishi Hiroi, and Toichika. These protocols enables a prover to physically show that he/she know solutions of the puzzles without revealing them. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2304_12388 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Verifying the First Nonzero Term: Physical ZKPs for ABC End View, Goishi Hiroi, and Toichika Ruangwises, Suthee Cryptography and Security In this paper, we propose a physical protocol to verify the first nonzero term of a sequence using a deck of cards. The protocol lets a prover show the value of the first nonzero term of a given sequence to a verifier without revealing which term it is. Our protocol uses $Θ(1)$ shuffles, which is asymptotically lower than that of an existing protocol of Fukusawa and Manabe which uses $Θ(n)$ shuffles, where $n$ is the length of the sequence. We also apply our protocol to construct zero-knowledge proof protocols for three well-known logic puzzles: ABC End View, Goishi Hiroi, and Toichika. These protocols enables a prover to physically show that he/she know solutions of the puzzles without revealing them. |
| title | Verifying the First Nonzero Term: Physical ZKPs for ABC End View, Goishi Hiroi, and Toichika |
| topic | Cryptography and Security |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.12388 |