Learning Agile Soccer Skills for a Bipedal Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learning

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Haarnoja, Tuomas, Moran, Ben, Lever, Guy, Huang, Sandy H., Tirumala, Dhruva, Humplik, Jan, Wulfmeier, Markus, Tunyasuvunakool, Saran, Siegel, Noah Y., Hafner, Roland, Bloesch, Michael, Hartikainen, Kristian, Byravan, Arunkumar, Hasenclever, Leonard, Tassa, Yuval, Sadeghi, Fereshteh, Batchelor, Nathan, Casarini, Federico, Saliceti, Stefano, Game, Charles, Sreendra, Neil, Patel, Kushal, Gwira, Marlon, Huber, Andrea, Hurley, Nicole, Nori, Francesco, Hadsell, Raia, Heess, Nicolas
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Haarnoja, Tuomas
Moran, Ben
Lever, Guy
Huang, Sandy H.
Tirumala, Dhruva
Humplik, Jan
Wulfmeier, Markus
Tunyasuvunakool, Saran
Siegel, Noah Y.
Hafner, Roland
Bloesch, Michael
Hartikainen, Kristian
Byravan, Arunkumar
Hasenclever, Leonard
Tassa, Yuval
Sadeghi, Fereshteh
Batchelor, Nathan
Casarini, Federico
Saliceti, Stefano
Game, Charles
Sreendra, Neil
Patel, Kushal
Gwira, Marlon
Huber, Andrea
Hurley, Nicole
Nori, Francesco
Hadsell, Raia
Heess, Nicolas
author_facet Haarnoja, Tuomas
Moran, Ben
Lever, Guy
Huang, Sandy H.
Tirumala, Dhruva
Humplik, Jan
Wulfmeier, Markus
Tunyasuvunakool, Saran
Siegel, Noah Y.
Hafner, Roland
Bloesch, Michael
Hartikainen, Kristian
Byravan, Arunkumar
Hasenclever, Leonard
Tassa, Yuval
Sadeghi, Fereshteh
Batchelor, Nathan
Casarini, Federico
Saliceti, Stefano
Game, Charles
Sreendra, Neil
Patel, Kushal
Gwira, Marlon
Huber, Andrea
Hurley, Nicole
Nori, Francesco
Hadsell, Raia
Heess, Nicolas
contents We investigate whether Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) is able to synthesize sophisticated and safe movement skills for a low-cost, miniature humanoid robot that can be composed into complex behavioral strategies in dynamic environments. We used Deep RL to train a humanoid robot with 20 actuated joints to play a simplified one-versus-one (1v1) soccer game. The resulting agent exhibits robust and dynamic movement skills such as rapid fall recovery, walking, turning, kicking and more; and it transitions between them in a smooth, stable, and efficient manner. The agent's locomotion and tactical behavior adapts to specific game contexts in a way that would be impractical to manually design. The agent also developed a basic strategic understanding of the game, and learned, for instance, to anticipate ball movements and to block opponent shots. Our agent was trained in simulation and transferred to real robots zero-shot. We found that a combination of sufficiently high-frequency control, targeted dynamics randomization, and perturbations during training in simulation enabled good-quality transfer. Although the robots are inherently fragile, basic regularization of the behavior during training led the robots to learn safe and effective movements while still performing in a dynamic and agile way -- well beyond what is intuitively expected from the robot. Indeed, in experiments, they walked 181% faster, turned 302% faster, took 63% less time to get up, and kicked a ball 34% faster than a scripted baseline, while efficiently combining the skills to achieve the longer term objectives.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2304_13653
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Learning Agile Soccer Skills for a Bipedal Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learning
Haarnoja, Tuomas
Moran, Ben
Lever, Guy
Huang, Sandy H.
Tirumala, Dhruva
Humplik, Jan
Wulfmeier, Markus
Tunyasuvunakool, Saran
Siegel, Noah Y.
Hafner, Roland
Bloesch, Michael
Hartikainen, Kristian
Byravan, Arunkumar
Hasenclever, Leonard
Tassa, Yuval
Sadeghi, Fereshteh
Batchelor, Nathan
Casarini, Federico
Saliceti, Stefano
Game, Charles
Sreendra, Neil
Patel, Kushal
Gwira, Marlon
Huber, Andrea
Hurley, Nicole
Nori, Francesco
Hadsell, Raia
Heess, Nicolas
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
We investigate whether Deep Reinforcement Learning (Deep RL) is able to synthesize sophisticated and safe movement skills for a low-cost, miniature humanoid robot that can be composed into complex behavioral strategies in dynamic environments. We used Deep RL to train a humanoid robot with 20 actuated joints to play a simplified one-versus-one (1v1) soccer game. The resulting agent exhibits robust and dynamic movement skills such as rapid fall recovery, walking, turning, kicking and more; and it transitions between them in a smooth, stable, and efficient manner. The agent's locomotion and tactical behavior adapts to specific game contexts in a way that would be impractical to manually design. The agent also developed a basic strategic understanding of the game, and learned, for instance, to anticipate ball movements and to block opponent shots. Our agent was trained in simulation and transferred to real robots zero-shot. We found that a combination of sufficiently high-frequency control, targeted dynamics randomization, and perturbations during training in simulation enabled good-quality transfer. Although the robots are inherently fragile, basic regularization of the behavior during training led the robots to learn safe and effective movements while still performing in a dynamic and agile way -- well beyond what is intuitively expected from the robot. Indeed, in experiments, they walked 181% faster, turned 302% faster, took 63% less time to get up, and kicked a ball 34% faster than a scripted baseline, while efficiently combining the skills to achieve the longer term objectives.
title Learning Agile Soccer Skills for a Bipedal Robot with Deep Reinforcement Learning
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2304.13653