Primordial Black Holes from Supercooled Phase Transitions
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2023
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| _version_ | 1866913716881063936 |
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| author | Gouttenoire, Yann Volansky, Tomer |
| author_facet | Gouttenoire, Yann Volansky, Tomer |
| contents | Cosmological first-order phase transitions (1stOPTs) are said to be strongly supercooled when the nucleation temperature is much smaller than the critical temperature. These are often encountered in theories that admit a nearly scale-invariant potential, for which the bounce action decreases only logarithmically with temperature. During supercooled 1stOPTs the equation of state of the universe undergoes a rapid and drastic change, transitioning from vacuum-domination to radiation-domination. The statistical variations in bubble nucleation histories imply that distinct causal patches percolate at slightly different times. Patches which percolate the latest undergo the longest vacuum-domination stage and as a consequence develop large over-densities triggering their collapse into primordial black holes (PBHs). We derive an analytical approximation for the probability of a patch to collapse into a PBH as a function of the 1stOPT duration, $β^{-1}$, and deduce the expected PBH abundance. We find that 1stOPTs which take more than $15\%$ of a Hubble time to complete ($β/H \lesssim 7$) produce observable PBHs. Their abundance is independent of the duration of the supercooling phase, in agreement with the de Sitter no hair conjecture. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2305_04942 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Primordial Black Holes from Supercooled Phase Transitions Gouttenoire, Yann Volansky, Tomer High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics Cosmological first-order phase transitions (1stOPTs) are said to be strongly supercooled when the nucleation temperature is much smaller than the critical temperature. These are often encountered in theories that admit a nearly scale-invariant potential, for which the bounce action decreases only logarithmically with temperature. During supercooled 1stOPTs the equation of state of the universe undergoes a rapid and drastic change, transitioning from vacuum-domination to radiation-domination. The statistical variations in bubble nucleation histories imply that distinct causal patches percolate at slightly different times. Patches which percolate the latest undergo the longest vacuum-domination stage and as a consequence develop large over-densities triggering their collapse into primordial black holes (PBHs). We derive an analytical approximation for the probability of a patch to collapse into a PBH as a function of the 1stOPT duration, $β^{-1}$, and deduce the expected PBH abundance. We find that 1stOPTs which take more than $15\%$ of a Hubble time to complete ($β/H \lesssim 7$) produce observable PBHs. Their abundance is independent of the duration of the supercooling phase, in agreement with the de Sitter no hair conjecture. |
| title | Primordial Black Holes from Supercooled Phase Transitions |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.04942 |