The Impact of Cosmic Variance on Inferences of Global Neutral Fraction Derived from Ly$α$ Luminosity Functions During Reionization

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Main Authors: Bruton, Sean, Scarlata, Claudia, Haardt, Francesco, Hayes, Matthew J., Mason, Charlotte, Morales, Alexa M., Mesinger, Andrei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Bruton, Sean
Scarlata, Claudia
Haardt, Francesco
Hayes, Matthew J.
Mason, Charlotte
Morales, Alexa M.
Mesinger, Andrei
author_facet Bruton, Sean
Scarlata, Claudia
Haardt, Francesco
Hayes, Matthew J.
Mason, Charlotte
Morales, Alexa M.
Mesinger, Andrei
contents We investigate the impact of field-to-field variation, deriving from cosmic variance, in measured Lyman-$α$ emitter (LAE) luminosity functions (LFs) and this variation's impact on inferences of the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium (IGM) during reionization. We post-process a z=7 IGM simulation to populate the dark matter halos with LAEs. These LAEs have realistic UV magnitudes, Ly$α$ fluxes, and Ly$α$ line profiles. We calculate the attenuation of Ly$α$ emission in universes with varying IGM neutral fraction, $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$. In a $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}=0.3$ simulation, we perform 100 realizations of a mock 2 square degree survey with a redshift window $Δz = 0.5$ and flux limit $\rm{f}_{Lyα}>1\times10^{-17}\:\rm{ergs}\:\: \rm{s}^{-1} \: \rm{cm}^{-2}$; such a survey is typical in depth and volume of the largest LAE surveys conducted today. For each realization, we compute the LAE LF and use it to recover the input $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$. Comparing the inferred values of $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$ across the ensemble of the surveys, we find that cosmic variance, deriving from large-scale structure and variation in the neutral gas along the sightline, imposes a floor in the uncertainty of $Δ\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}} \sim 0.2$ when $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$ $=0.3$. We explore mitigation strategies to decrease this uncertainty, such as increasing the volume, decreasing the flux limit, or probing the volume with many independent fields. Increasing the area and/or depth of the survey does not mitigate the uncertainty, but composing a survey with many independent fields is effective. This finding highlights the best strategy for LAE surveys aiming at constraining $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$ of the universe during reionization.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2305_04949
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Impact of Cosmic Variance on Inferences of Global Neutral Fraction Derived from Ly$α$ Luminosity Functions During Reionization
Bruton, Sean
Scarlata, Claudia
Haardt, Francesco
Hayes, Matthew J.
Mason, Charlotte
Morales, Alexa M.
Mesinger, Andrei
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
We investigate the impact of field-to-field variation, deriving from cosmic variance, in measured Lyman-$α$ emitter (LAE) luminosity functions (LFs) and this variation's impact on inferences of the neutral fraction of the intergalactic medium (IGM) during reionization. We post-process a z=7 IGM simulation to populate the dark matter halos with LAEs. These LAEs have realistic UV magnitudes, Ly$α$ fluxes, and Ly$α$ line profiles. We calculate the attenuation of Ly$α$ emission in universes with varying IGM neutral fraction, $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$. In a $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}=0.3$ simulation, we perform 100 realizations of a mock 2 square degree survey with a redshift window $Δz = 0.5$ and flux limit $\rm{f}_{Lyα}>1\times10^{-17}\:\rm{ergs}\:\: \rm{s}^{-1} \: \rm{cm}^{-2}$; such a survey is typical in depth and volume of the largest LAE surveys conducted today. For each realization, we compute the LAE LF and use it to recover the input $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$. Comparing the inferred values of $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$ across the ensemble of the surveys, we find that cosmic variance, deriving from large-scale structure and variation in the neutral gas along the sightline, imposes a floor in the uncertainty of $Δ\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}} \sim 0.2$ when $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$ $=0.3$. We explore mitigation strategies to decrease this uncertainty, such as increasing the volume, decreasing the flux limit, or probing the volume with many independent fields. Increasing the area and/or depth of the survey does not mitigate the uncertainty, but composing a survey with many independent fields is effective. This finding highlights the best strategy for LAE surveys aiming at constraining $\bar{\rm{x}}_{\rm{HI}}$ of the universe during reionization.
title The Impact of Cosmic Variance on Inferences of Global Neutral Fraction Derived from Ly$α$ Luminosity Functions During Reionization
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.04949