Ultrasound cavitation and exfoliation dynamics of 2D materials re-vealed in operando by X-ray free electron laser megahertz imaging
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arXiv
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2023
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| author | Xiang, Kang Huang, Shi Song, Hongyuan Bazhenov, Vasilii Bellucci, Valerio Birnsteinova, Sarlota de Wijn, Raphael Koliyadu, Jayanath C. P. Koua, Faisal H. M. Round, Adam Round, Ekaterina Sarma, Abhisakh Sato, Tokushi Sikorski, Marcin Zhang, Yuhe Asimakopoulou, Eleni Myrto Villanueva-Perez, Pablo Porfyrakis, Kyriakos Tzanakis, Iakovos Eskin, Dmitry G. Grobert, Nicole Mancuso, Adrian Bean, Richard Vagovic, Patrik Mi, Jiawei |
| author_facet | Xiang, Kang Huang, Shi Song, Hongyuan Bazhenov, Vasilii Bellucci, Valerio Birnsteinova, Sarlota de Wijn, Raphael Koliyadu, Jayanath C. P. Koua, Faisal H. M. Round, Adam Round, Ekaterina Sarma, Abhisakh Sato, Tokushi Sikorski, Marcin Zhang, Yuhe Asimakopoulou, Eleni Myrto Villanueva-Perez, Pablo Porfyrakis, Kyriakos Tzanakis, Iakovos Eskin, Dmitry G. Grobert, Nicole Mancuso, Adrian Bean, Richard Vagovic, Patrik Mi, Jiawei |
| contents | Ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation is a promising method for the production of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. A large number of studies have been made in investigating the underlying ultrasound exfoliation mechanisms. However, due to the experimental challenges for capturing the highly transient and dynamic phenomena in real-time at sub-microsecond time and micrometer length scales simultaneously, most theories reported to date still remain elusive. Here, using the ultra-short X-ray Free Electron Laser pulses (~25ps) with a unique pulse train structure, we applied MHz X-ray Microscopy and machine-learning technique to reveal unambiguously the full cycles of the ultrasound cavitation and graphite layer exfoliation dynamics with sub-microsecond and micrometer resolution. Cyclic fatigue shock wave impacts produced by ultrasound cloud implosion were identified as the dominant mechanism to deflect and exfoliate graphite layers mechanically. For the graphite flakes, exfoliation rate as high as ~5 angstroms per shock wave impact was observed. For the HOPG graphite, the highest exfoliation rate was ~0.15 angstroms per impact. These new findings are scientifically and technologically important for developing industrial upscaling strategies for ultrasonic exfoliation of 2D materials. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2305_08538 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Ultrasound cavitation and exfoliation dynamics of 2D materials re-vealed in operando by X-ray free electron laser megahertz imaging Xiang, Kang Huang, Shi Song, Hongyuan Bazhenov, Vasilii Bellucci, Valerio Birnsteinova, Sarlota de Wijn, Raphael Koliyadu, Jayanath C. P. Koua, Faisal H. M. Round, Adam Round, Ekaterina Sarma, Abhisakh Sato, Tokushi Sikorski, Marcin Zhang, Yuhe Asimakopoulou, Eleni Myrto Villanueva-Perez, Pablo Porfyrakis, Kyriakos Tzanakis, Iakovos Eskin, Dmitry G. Grobert, Nicole Mancuso, Adrian Bean, Richard Vagovic, Patrik Mi, Jiawei Materials Science Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Fluid Dynamics Ultrasonic liquid phase exfoliation is a promising method for the production of two-dimensional (2D) layered materials. A large number of studies have been made in investigating the underlying ultrasound exfoliation mechanisms. However, due to the experimental challenges for capturing the highly transient and dynamic phenomena in real-time at sub-microsecond time and micrometer length scales simultaneously, most theories reported to date still remain elusive. Here, using the ultra-short X-ray Free Electron Laser pulses (~25ps) with a unique pulse train structure, we applied MHz X-ray Microscopy and machine-learning technique to reveal unambiguously the full cycles of the ultrasound cavitation and graphite layer exfoliation dynamics with sub-microsecond and micrometer resolution. Cyclic fatigue shock wave impacts produced by ultrasound cloud implosion were identified as the dominant mechanism to deflect and exfoliate graphite layers mechanically. For the graphite flakes, exfoliation rate as high as ~5 angstroms per shock wave impact was observed. For the HOPG graphite, the highest exfoliation rate was ~0.15 angstroms per impact. These new findings are scientifically and technologically important for developing industrial upscaling strategies for ultrasonic exfoliation of 2D materials. |
| title | Ultrasound cavitation and exfoliation dynamics of 2D materials re-vealed in operando by X-ray free electron laser megahertz imaging |
| topic | Materials Science Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Fluid Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.08538 |