Dynamic Clue Bottlenecks: Towards Interpretable-by-Design Visual Question Answering

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Main Authors: Fu, Xingyu, Zhou, Ben, Chen, Sihao, Yatskar, Mark, Roth, Dan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Fu, Xingyu
Zhou, Ben
Chen, Sihao
Yatskar, Mark
Roth, Dan
author_facet Fu, Xingyu
Zhou, Ben
Chen, Sihao
Yatskar, Mark
Roth, Dan
contents Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have shown extreme effectiveness in visual question answering (VQA). However, the design nature of these end-to-end models prevents them from being interpretable to humans, undermining trust and applicability in critical domains. While post-hoc rationales offer certain insight into understanding model behavior, these explanations are not guaranteed to be faithful to the model. In this paper, we address these shortcomings by introducing an interpretable by design model that factors model decisions into intermediate human-legible explanations, and allows people to easily understand why a model fails or succeeds. We propose the Dynamic Clue Bottleneck Model ( (DCLUB), a method that is designed towards an inherently interpretable VQA system. DCLUB provides an explainable intermediate space before the VQA decision and is faithful from the beginning, while maintaining comparable performance to black-box systems. Given a question, DCLUB first returns a set of visual clues: natural language statements of visually salient evidence from the image, and then generates the output based solely on the visual clues. To supervise and evaluate the generation of VQA explanations within DCLUB, we collect a dataset of 1.7k reasoning-focused questions with visual clues. Evaluations show that our inherently interpretable system can improve 4.64% over a comparable black-box system in reasoning-focused questions while preserving 99.43% of performance on VQA-v2.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2305_14882
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Dynamic Clue Bottlenecks: Towards Interpretable-by-Design Visual Question Answering
Fu, Xingyu
Zhou, Ben
Chen, Sihao
Yatskar, Mark
Roth, Dan
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Recent advances in multimodal large language models (LLMs) have shown extreme effectiveness in visual question answering (VQA). However, the design nature of these end-to-end models prevents them from being interpretable to humans, undermining trust and applicability in critical domains. While post-hoc rationales offer certain insight into understanding model behavior, these explanations are not guaranteed to be faithful to the model. In this paper, we address these shortcomings by introducing an interpretable by design model that factors model decisions into intermediate human-legible explanations, and allows people to easily understand why a model fails or succeeds. We propose the Dynamic Clue Bottleneck Model ( (DCLUB), a method that is designed towards an inherently interpretable VQA system. DCLUB provides an explainable intermediate space before the VQA decision and is faithful from the beginning, while maintaining comparable performance to black-box systems. Given a question, DCLUB first returns a set of visual clues: natural language statements of visually salient evidence from the image, and then generates the output based solely on the visual clues. To supervise and evaluate the generation of VQA explanations within DCLUB, we collect a dataset of 1.7k reasoning-focused questions with visual clues. Evaluations show that our inherently interpretable system can improve 4.64% over a comparable black-box system in reasoning-focused questions while preserving 99.43% of performance on VQA-v2.
title Dynamic Clue Bottlenecks: Towards Interpretable-by-Design Visual Question Answering
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.14882