Maximum Weight Independent Set in Graphs with no Long Claws in Quasi-Polynomial Time

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Main Authors: Gartland, Peter, Lokshtanov, Daniel, Masařík, Tomáš, Pilipczuk, Marcin, Pilipczuk, Michał, Rzążewski, Paweł
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Gartland, Peter
Lokshtanov, Daniel
Masařík, Tomáš
Pilipczuk, Marcin
Pilipczuk, Michał
Rzążewski, Paweł
author_facet Gartland, Peter
Lokshtanov, Daniel
Masařík, Tomáš
Pilipczuk, Marcin
Pilipczuk, Michał
Rzążewski, Paweł
contents We show that the Maximum Weight Independent Set problem (MWIS) can be solved in quasi-polynomial time on $H$-free graphs (graphs excluding a fixed graph $H$ as an induced subgraph) for every $H$ whose every connected component is a path or a subdivided claw (i.e., a tree with at most three leaves). This completes the dichotomy of the complexity of MWIS in $\mathcal{F}$-free graphs for any finite set $\mathcal{F}$ of graphs into NP-hard cases and cases solvable in quasi-polynomial time, and corroborates the conjecture that the cases not known to be NP-hard are actually polynomial-time solvable. The key graph-theoretic ingredient in our result is as follows. Fix an integer $t \geq 1$. Let $S_{t,t,t}$ be the graph created from three paths on $t$ edges by identifying one endpoint of each path into a single vertex. We show that, given a graph $G$, one can in polynomial time find either an induced $S_{t,t,t}$ in $G$, or a balanced separator consisting of $\mathcal{O}(\log |V(G)|)$ vertex neighborhoods in $G$, or an extended strip decomposition of $G$ (a decomposition almost as useful for recursion for MWIS as a partition into connected components) with each particle of weight multiplicatively smaller than the weight of $G$. This is a strengthening of a result of Majewski, Masařík, Novotná, Okrasa, Pilipczuk, Rzążewski, and Sokołowski [ICALP 2022] which provided such an extended strip decomposition only after the deletion of $\mathcal{O}(\log |V(G)|)$ vertex neighborhoods. To reach the final result, we employ an involved branching strategy that relies on the structural lemma presented above.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2305_15738
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Maximum Weight Independent Set in Graphs with no Long Claws in Quasi-Polynomial Time
Gartland, Peter
Lokshtanov, Daniel
Masařík, Tomáš
Pilipczuk, Marcin
Pilipczuk, Michał
Rzążewski, Paweł
Data Structures and Algorithms
05C69, 05C85
F.2.2; G.2.2
We show that the Maximum Weight Independent Set problem (MWIS) can be solved in quasi-polynomial time on $H$-free graphs (graphs excluding a fixed graph $H$ as an induced subgraph) for every $H$ whose every connected component is a path or a subdivided claw (i.e., a tree with at most three leaves). This completes the dichotomy of the complexity of MWIS in $\mathcal{F}$-free graphs for any finite set $\mathcal{F}$ of graphs into NP-hard cases and cases solvable in quasi-polynomial time, and corroborates the conjecture that the cases not known to be NP-hard are actually polynomial-time solvable. The key graph-theoretic ingredient in our result is as follows. Fix an integer $t \geq 1$. Let $S_{t,t,t}$ be the graph created from three paths on $t$ edges by identifying one endpoint of each path into a single vertex. We show that, given a graph $G$, one can in polynomial time find either an induced $S_{t,t,t}$ in $G$, or a balanced separator consisting of $\mathcal{O}(\log |V(G)|)$ vertex neighborhoods in $G$, or an extended strip decomposition of $G$ (a decomposition almost as useful for recursion for MWIS as a partition into connected components) with each particle of weight multiplicatively smaller than the weight of $G$. This is a strengthening of a result of Majewski, Masařík, Novotná, Okrasa, Pilipczuk, Rzążewski, and Sokołowski [ICALP 2022] which provided such an extended strip decomposition only after the deletion of $\mathcal{O}(\log |V(G)|)$ vertex neighborhoods. To reach the final result, we employ an involved branching strategy that relies on the structural lemma presented above.
title Maximum Weight Independent Set in Graphs with no Long Claws in Quasi-Polynomial Time
topic Data Structures and Algorithms
05C69, 05C85
F.2.2; G.2.2
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.15738