Optimal Fault-Tolerant Spanners in Euclidean and Doubling Metrics: Breaking the $Ω(\log n)$ Lightness Barrier

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Autori principali: Le, Hung, Solomon, Shay, Than, Cuong
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2023
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author Le, Hung
Solomon, Shay
Than, Cuong
author_facet Le, Hung
Solomon, Shay
Than, Cuong
contents An essential requirement of spanners in many applications is to be fault-tolerant: a $(1+ε)$-spanner of a metric space is called (vertex) $f$-fault-tolerant ($f$-FT) if it remains a $(1+ε)$-spanner (for the non-faulty points) when up to $f$ faulty points are removed from the spanner. Fault-tolerant (FT) spanners for Euclidean and doubling metrics have been extensively studied since the 90s. For low-dimensional Euclidean metrics, Czumaj and Zhao in SoCG'03 [CZ03] showed that the optimal guarantees $O(f n)$, $O(f)$ and $O(f^2)$ on the size, degree and lightness of $f$-FT spanners can be achieved via a greedy algorithm, which na\"ıvely runs in $O(n^3) \cdot 2^{O(f)}$ time. The question of whether the optimal bounds of [CZ03] can be achieved via a fast construction has remained elusive, with the lightness parameter being the bottleneck. Moreover, in the wider family of doubling metrics, it is not even clear whether there exists an $f$-FT spanner with lightness that depends solely on $f$ (even exponentially): all existing constructions have lightness $Ω(\log n)$ since they are built on the net-tree spanner, which is induced by a hierarchical net-tree of lightness $Ω(\log n)$. In this paper we settle in the affirmative these longstanding open questions. Specifically, we design a construction of $f$-FT spanners that is optimal with respect to all the involved parameters (size, degree, lightness and running time): For any $n$-point doubling metric, any $ε> 0$, and any integer $1 \le f \le n-2$, our construction provides, within time $O(n \log n + f n)$, an $f$-FT $(1+ε)$-spanner with size $O(f n)$, degree $O(f)$ and lightness $O(f^2)$.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2306_11226
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Optimal Fault-Tolerant Spanners in Euclidean and Doubling Metrics: Breaking the $Ω(\log n)$ Lightness Barrier
Le, Hung
Solomon, Shay
Than, Cuong
Computational Geometry
Data Structures and Algorithms
F.2.2; G.2.2
An essential requirement of spanners in many applications is to be fault-tolerant: a $(1+ε)$-spanner of a metric space is called (vertex) $f$-fault-tolerant ($f$-FT) if it remains a $(1+ε)$-spanner (for the non-faulty points) when up to $f$ faulty points are removed from the spanner. Fault-tolerant (FT) spanners for Euclidean and doubling metrics have been extensively studied since the 90s. For low-dimensional Euclidean metrics, Czumaj and Zhao in SoCG'03 [CZ03] showed that the optimal guarantees $O(f n)$, $O(f)$ and $O(f^2)$ on the size, degree and lightness of $f$-FT spanners can be achieved via a greedy algorithm, which na\"ıvely runs in $O(n^3) \cdot 2^{O(f)}$ time. The question of whether the optimal bounds of [CZ03] can be achieved via a fast construction has remained elusive, with the lightness parameter being the bottleneck. Moreover, in the wider family of doubling metrics, it is not even clear whether there exists an $f$-FT spanner with lightness that depends solely on $f$ (even exponentially): all existing constructions have lightness $Ω(\log n)$ since they are built on the net-tree spanner, which is induced by a hierarchical net-tree of lightness $Ω(\log n)$. In this paper we settle in the affirmative these longstanding open questions. Specifically, we design a construction of $f$-FT spanners that is optimal with respect to all the involved parameters (size, degree, lightness and running time): For any $n$-point doubling metric, any $ε> 0$, and any integer $1 \le f \le n-2$, our construction provides, within time $O(n \log n + f n)$, an $f$-FT $(1+ε)$-spanner with size $O(f n)$, degree $O(f)$ and lightness $O(f^2)$.
title Optimal Fault-Tolerant Spanners in Euclidean and Doubling Metrics: Breaking the $Ω(\log n)$ Lightness Barrier
topic Computational Geometry
Data Structures and Algorithms
F.2.2; G.2.2
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.11226