A subfamily of skew Dyck paths related to $k$-ary trees

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Zhang, Yuxuan, Zhuang, Yan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Zhang, Yuxuan
Zhuang, Yan
author_facet Zhang, Yuxuan
Zhuang, Yan
contents We introduce a subfamily of skew Dyck paths called box paths and show that they are in bijection with pairs of ternary trees, confirming an observation stated previously on the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. More generally, we define $k$-box paths, which are in bijection with $(k+1)$-tuples of $(k+2)$-ary trees. A bijection is given between $k$-box paths and a subfamily of $k_{t}$-Dyck paths, as well as a bijection with a subfamily of $(k,\ell)$-threshold sequences. We also study the refined enumeration of $k$-box paths by the number of returns and the number of long ascents. Notably, the distribution of long ascents over $k$-box paths generalizes the Narayana distribution on Dyck paths, and we find that $(k-3)$-box paths with exactly two long ascents provide a combinatorial model for the second $k$-gonal numbers.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2306_15778
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle A subfamily of skew Dyck paths related to $k$-ary trees
Zhang, Yuxuan
Zhuang, Yan
Combinatorics
05A15 (Primary), 05A10, 05A19 (Secondary)
We introduce a subfamily of skew Dyck paths called box paths and show that they are in bijection with pairs of ternary trees, confirming an observation stated previously on the On-Line Encyclopedia of Integer Sequences. More generally, we define $k$-box paths, which are in bijection with $(k+1)$-tuples of $(k+2)$-ary trees. A bijection is given between $k$-box paths and a subfamily of $k_{t}$-Dyck paths, as well as a bijection with a subfamily of $(k,\ell)$-threshold sequences. We also study the refined enumeration of $k$-box paths by the number of returns and the number of long ascents. Notably, the distribution of long ascents over $k$-box paths generalizes the Narayana distribution on Dyck paths, and we find that $(k-3)$-box paths with exactly two long ascents provide a combinatorial model for the second $k$-gonal numbers.
title A subfamily of skew Dyck paths related to $k$-ary trees
topic Combinatorics
05A15 (Primary), 05A10, 05A19 (Secondary)
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.15778