Josephson diode effects in twisted nodal superconductors

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Volkov, Pavel A., Lantagne-Hurtubise, Étienne, Tummuru, Tarun, Plugge, Stephan, Pixley, J. H., Franz, Marcel
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2023
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author Volkov, Pavel A.
Lantagne-Hurtubise, Étienne
Tummuru, Tarun
Plugge, Stephan
Pixley, J. H.
Franz, Marcel
author_facet Volkov, Pavel A.
Lantagne-Hurtubise, Étienne
Tummuru, Tarun
Plugge, Stephan
Pixley, J. H.
Franz, Marcel
contents Recent Josephson tunneling experiments on twisted flakes of high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+x}$ revealed a non-reciprocal behavior of the critical interlayer Josephson current - i.e., a Josephson diode effect. Motivated by these findings we study theoretically the emergence of the Josephson diode effect in twisted interfaces between nodal superconductors, and highlight a strong dependence on the twist angle $θ$ and damping of the junction. In all cases, the theory predicts diode efficiency that vanishes exactly at $θ= 45^\circ$ and has a strong peak at a twist angle close to $θ= 45^\circ$, consistent with experimental observations. Near $45^\circ$, the junction breaks time-reversal symmetry ${\cal T}$ spontaneously. We find that for underdamped junctions showing hysteretic behavior, this results in a \emph{dynamical} Josephson diode effect in a part of the ${\cal T}$-broken phase. The direction of the diode is trainable in this case by sweeping the external current bias. This effect provides a sensitive probe of spontaneous ${\cal T}$-breaking. We then show that explicit ${\cal T}$-breaking perturbations with the symmetry of a magnetic field perpendicular to the junction plane lead to a {\em thermodynamic} diode effect that survives even in the overdamped limit. We discuss an experimental protocol to probe the double-well structure in the Josephson free energy that underlies the tendency towards spontaneous ${\cal T}$-breaking even if ${\cal T}$ is broken explicitly. Finally, we show that in-plane magnetic fields can control the diode effect in the short junction limit, and predict the signatures of explicit ${\cal T}$-breaking in Shapiro steps.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2307_01261
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Josephson diode effects in twisted nodal superconductors
Volkov, Pavel A.
Lantagne-Hurtubise, Étienne
Tummuru, Tarun
Plugge, Stephan
Pixley, J. H.
Franz, Marcel
Superconductivity
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Recent Josephson tunneling experiments on twisted flakes of high-$T_c$ cuprate superconductor Bi$_2$Sr$_2$CaCu$_2$O$_{8+x}$ revealed a non-reciprocal behavior of the critical interlayer Josephson current - i.e., a Josephson diode effect. Motivated by these findings we study theoretically the emergence of the Josephson diode effect in twisted interfaces between nodal superconductors, and highlight a strong dependence on the twist angle $θ$ and damping of the junction. In all cases, the theory predicts diode efficiency that vanishes exactly at $θ= 45^\circ$ and has a strong peak at a twist angle close to $θ= 45^\circ$, consistent with experimental observations. Near $45^\circ$, the junction breaks time-reversal symmetry ${\cal T}$ spontaneously. We find that for underdamped junctions showing hysteretic behavior, this results in a \emph{dynamical} Josephson diode effect in a part of the ${\cal T}$-broken phase. The direction of the diode is trainable in this case by sweeping the external current bias. This effect provides a sensitive probe of spontaneous ${\cal T}$-breaking. We then show that explicit ${\cal T}$-breaking perturbations with the symmetry of a magnetic field perpendicular to the junction plane lead to a {\em thermodynamic} diode effect that survives even in the overdamped limit. We discuss an experimental protocol to probe the double-well structure in the Josephson free energy that underlies the tendency towards spontaneous ${\cal T}$-breaking even if ${\cal T}$ is broken explicitly. Finally, we show that in-plane magnetic fields can control the diode effect in the short junction limit, and predict the signatures of explicit ${\cal T}$-breaking in Shapiro steps.
title Josephson diode effects in twisted nodal superconductors
topic Superconductivity
Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Strongly Correlated Electrons
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.01261