Painlevé-III Monodromy Maps Under the $D_6\to D_8$ Confluence and Applications to the Large-Parameter Asymptotics of Rational Solutions

Fuente: arXiv
Salvato in:
Dettagli Bibliografici
Autori principali: Barhoumi, Ahmad, Lisovyy, Oleg, Miller, Peter D., Prokhorov, Andrei
Natura: Preprint
Pubblicazione: 2023
Soggetti:
Accesso online:
Tags: Aggiungi Tag
Nessun Tag, puoi essere il primo ad aggiungerne!!
_version_ 1866916153515835392
author Barhoumi, Ahmad
Lisovyy, Oleg
Miller, Peter D.
Prokhorov, Andrei
author_facet Barhoumi, Ahmad
Lisovyy, Oleg
Miller, Peter D.
Prokhorov, Andrei
contents The third Painlevé equation in its generic form, often referred to as Painlevé-III($D_6$), is given by $$ \frac{{\rm d}^2u}{{\rm d}x^2} =\frac{1}{u}\left(\frac{{\rm d}u}{{\rm d}x}\right)^2-\frac{1}{x}\frac{{\rm d}u}{{\rm d}x}+\frac{αu^2+β}{x}+4u^3-\frac{4}{u}, \qquad α,β\in \mathbb C.$$ Starting from a generic initial solution $u_0(x)$ corresponding to parameters $α$, $β$, denoted as the triple $(u_0(x),α,β)$, we apply an explicit Bäcklund transformation to generate a family of solutions $(u_n(x),α+4n,β+4n)$ indexed by $n \in \mathbb N$. We study the large $n$ behavior of the solutions $(u_n(x),α+4n,β+4n)$ under the scaling $x=z/n$ in two different ways: (a) analyzing the convergence properties of series solutions to the equation, and (b) using a Riemann-Hilbert representation of the solution $u_n(z/n)$. Our main result is a proof that the limit of solutions $u_n(z/n)$ exists and is given by a solution of the degenerate Painlevé-III equation, known as Painlevé-III($D_8$), $$ \frac{{\rm d}^2U}{{\rm d}z^2} =\frac{1}{U}\left(\frac{{\rm d}U}{{\rm d}z}\right)^2-\frac{1}{z}\frac{{\rm d}U}{{\rm d}z}+\frac{4U^2+4}{z}.$$ A notable application of our result is to rational solutions of Painlevé-III($D_6$), which are constructed using the seed solution $(1,4m,-4m)$ where $m \in \mathbb C \setminus \big(\mathbb Z +\frac{1}{2}\big)$ and can be written as a particular ratio of Umemura polynomials. We identify the limiting solution in terms of both its initial condition at $z=0$ when it is well defined, and by its monodromy data in the general case. Furthermore, as a consequence of our analysis, we deduce the asymptotic behavior of generic solutions of Painlevé-III, both $D_6$ and $D_8$ at $z=0$. We also deduce the large $n$ behavior of the Umemura polynomials in a neighborhood of $z=0$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2307_11217
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Painlevé-III Monodromy Maps Under the $D_6\to D_8$ Confluence and Applications to the Large-Parameter Asymptotics of Rational Solutions
Barhoumi, Ahmad
Lisovyy, Oleg
Miller, Peter D.
Prokhorov, Andrei
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Mathematical Physics
Complex Variables
Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
Primary 34M55, Secondary 34E05, 34M50, 34M56, 33E17
The third Painlevé equation in its generic form, often referred to as Painlevé-III($D_6$), is given by $$ \frac{{\rm d}^2u}{{\rm d}x^2} =\frac{1}{u}\left(\frac{{\rm d}u}{{\rm d}x}\right)^2-\frac{1}{x}\frac{{\rm d}u}{{\rm d}x}+\frac{αu^2+β}{x}+4u^3-\frac{4}{u}, \qquad α,β\in \mathbb C.$$ Starting from a generic initial solution $u_0(x)$ corresponding to parameters $α$, $β$, denoted as the triple $(u_0(x),α,β)$, we apply an explicit Bäcklund transformation to generate a family of solutions $(u_n(x),α+4n,β+4n)$ indexed by $n \in \mathbb N$. We study the large $n$ behavior of the solutions $(u_n(x),α+4n,β+4n)$ under the scaling $x=z/n$ in two different ways: (a) analyzing the convergence properties of series solutions to the equation, and (b) using a Riemann-Hilbert representation of the solution $u_n(z/n)$. Our main result is a proof that the limit of solutions $u_n(z/n)$ exists and is given by a solution of the degenerate Painlevé-III equation, known as Painlevé-III($D_8$), $$ \frac{{\rm d}^2U}{{\rm d}z^2} =\frac{1}{U}\left(\frac{{\rm d}U}{{\rm d}z}\right)^2-\frac{1}{z}\frac{{\rm d}U}{{\rm d}z}+\frac{4U^2+4}{z}.$$ A notable application of our result is to rational solutions of Painlevé-III($D_6$), which are constructed using the seed solution $(1,4m,-4m)$ where $m \in \mathbb C \setminus \big(\mathbb Z +\frac{1}{2}\big)$ and can be written as a particular ratio of Umemura polynomials. We identify the limiting solution in terms of both its initial condition at $z=0$ when it is well defined, and by its monodromy data in the general case. Furthermore, as a consequence of our analysis, we deduce the asymptotic behavior of generic solutions of Painlevé-III, both $D_6$ and $D_8$ at $z=0$. We also deduce the large $n$ behavior of the Umemura polynomials in a neighborhood of $z=0$.
title Painlevé-III Monodromy Maps Under the $D_6\to D_8$ Confluence and Applications to the Large-Parameter Asymptotics of Rational Solutions
topic Classical Analysis and ODEs
Mathematical Physics
Complex Variables
Exactly Solvable and Integrable Systems
Primary 34M55, Secondary 34E05, 34M50, 34M56, 33E17
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.11217