Axion Clouds around Neutron Stars

Fuente: arXiv
Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Noordhuis, Dion, Prabhu, Anirudh, Weniger, Christoph, Witte, Samuel J.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
Subjects:
Online Access:
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1866929529671385088
author Noordhuis, Dion
Prabhu, Anirudh
Weniger, Christoph
Witte, Samuel J.
author_facet Noordhuis, Dion
Prabhu, Anirudh
Weniger, Christoph
Witte, Samuel J.
contents Recent work has shown that axions can be efficiently produced via non-stationary pair plasma discharges in the polar cap region of pulsars. Here, we point out that for axion masses $10^{-9} \, {\rm eV} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 10^{-4} \, \rm eV$, a sizable fraction of the sourced axion population will be gravitationally confined to the neutron star. These axions accumulate over astrophysical timescales, thereby forming a dense `axion cloud' around the star. We argue that the existence of such a cloud, with densities reaching and potentially exceeding $\mathcal{O}(10^{22}) \, {\rm GeV \, cm^{-3}}$, is a generic expectation across a wide range of parameter space. For axion masses $m_a \gtrsim 10^{-7} \, \rm eV$, energy is primarily radiated from the axion cloud via resonant axion-photon mixing, generating a number of distinctive signatures that include: a sharp line in the radio spectrum of each pulsar (located at the axion mass, and with an order percent-level width), and transient events arising from the reconfiguration of charge densities in the magnetosphere. While a deeper understanding of the systematic uncertainties in these systems is required, our current estimates suggest that existing radio telescopes could improve sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling by more than an order of magnitude.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2307_11811
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Axion Clouds around Neutron Stars
Noordhuis, Dion
Prabhu, Anirudh
Weniger, Christoph
Witte, Samuel J.
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Recent work has shown that axions can be efficiently produced via non-stationary pair plasma discharges in the polar cap region of pulsars. Here, we point out that for axion masses $10^{-9} \, {\rm eV} \lesssim m_a \lesssim 10^{-4} \, \rm eV$, a sizable fraction of the sourced axion population will be gravitationally confined to the neutron star. These axions accumulate over astrophysical timescales, thereby forming a dense `axion cloud' around the star. We argue that the existence of such a cloud, with densities reaching and potentially exceeding $\mathcal{O}(10^{22}) \, {\rm GeV \, cm^{-3}}$, is a generic expectation across a wide range of parameter space. For axion masses $m_a \gtrsim 10^{-7} \, \rm eV$, energy is primarily radiated from the axion cloud via resonant axion-photon mixing, generating a number of distinctive signatures that include: a sharp line in the radio spectrum of each pulsar (located at the axion mass, and with an order percent-level width), and transient events arising from the reconfiguration of charge densities in the magnetosphere. While a deeper understanding of the systematic uncertainties in these systems is required, our current estimates suggest that existing radio telescopes could improve sensitivity to the axion-photon coupling by more than an order of magnitude.
title Axion Clouds around Neutron Stars
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.11811