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Hauptverfasser: Xin, Yinzi, Xuan, Jerry W., Mawet, Dimitri, Wang, Jason, Ruane, Garreth, Echeverri, Daniel, Jovanovic, Nemanja, Ó, Clarissa Do, Fitzgerald, Michael, Horstman, Katelyn, Hsu, Chih-Chun, Liberman, Joshua, López, Ronald A., Phillips, Caprice L., Ren, Bin B., Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste, Sappey, Ben
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2023
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.11893
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author Xin, Yinzi
Xuan, Jerry W.
Mawet, Dimitri
Wang, Jason
Ruane, Garreth
Echeverri, Daniel
Jovanovic, Nemanja
Ó, Clarissa Do
Fitzgerald, Michael
Horstman, Katelyn
Hsu, Chih-Chun
Liberman, Joshua
López, Ronald A.
Phillips, Caprice L.
Ren, Bin B.
Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste
Sappey, Ben
author_facet Xin, Yinzi
Xuan, Jerry W.
Mawet, Dimitri
Wang, Jason
Ruane, Garreth
Echeverri, Daniel
Jovanovic, Nemanja
Ó, Clarissa Do
Fitzgerald, Michael
Horstman, Katelyn
Hsu, Chih-Chun
Liberman, Joshua
López, Ronald A.
Phillips, Caprice L.
Ren, Bin B.
Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste
Sappey, Ben
contents The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is an instrument at the Keck II telescope that enables high-resolution spectroscopy of directly imaged exoplanets and substellar companions. KPIC uses single-mode fibers to couple the adaptive optics system to Keck's near-infrared spectrometer (NIRSPEC). However, KPIC's sensitivity at small separations is limited by the leakage of stellar light into the fiber. Speckle nulling uses a deformable mirror to destructively interfere starlight with itself, a technique typically used to reduce stellar signal on a focal-plane imaging detector. We present the first on-sky demonstration of speckle nulling through an optical fiber with KPIC, using NIRSPEC to collect exposures that measure speckle phase for quasi-real-time wavefront control while also serving as science data. We repeat iterations of measurement and correction, each using at least 5 exposures. We show a decrease in the on-sky leaked starlight by a factor of 2.6 to 2.8 in the targeted spectral order, at a spatial separation of 2.0 λ/D in K-band. This corresponds to an estimated factor of 2.6 to 2.8 decrease in the required exposure time to reach a given SNR, relative to conventional KPIC observations. The performance of speckle nulling is limited by instability in the speckle phase: when the loop is opened, the null-depth degrades by a factor of 2 on the timescale of a single phase measurement, which would limit the suppression that can be achieved. Future work includes exploring gradient-descent methods, which may be faster and thereby able to achieve deeper nulls. In the meantime, the speckle nulling algorithm demonstrated in this work can be used to decrease stellar leakage and improve the signal-to-noise of science observations.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2307_11893
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On-sky speckle nulling through a single-mode fiber with the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer
Xin, Yinzi
Xuan, Jerry W.
Mawet, Dimitri
Wang, Jason
Ruane, Garreth
Echeverri, Daniel
Jovanovic, Nemanja
Ó, Clarissa Do
Fitzgerald, Michael
Horstman, Katelyn
Hsu, Chih-Chun
Liberman, Joshua
López, Ronald A.
Phillips, Caprice L.
Ren, Bin B.
Ruffio, Jean-Baptiste
Sappey, Ben
Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
The Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer (KPIC) is an instrument at the Keck II telescope that enables high-resolution spectroscopy of directly imaged exoplanets and substellar companions. KPIC uses single-mode fibers to couple the adaptive optics system to Keck's near-infrared spectrometer (NIRSPEC). However, KPIC's sensitivity at small separations is limited by the leakage of stellar light into the fiber. Speckle nulling uses a deformable mirror to destructively interfere starlight with itself, a technique typically used to reduce stellar signal on a focal-plane imaging detector. We present the first on-sky demonstration of speckle nulling through an optical fiber with KPIC, using NIRSPEC to collect exposures that measure speckle phase for quasi-real-time wavefront control while also serving as science data. We repeat iterations of measurement and correction, each using at least 5 exposures. We show a decrease in the on-sky leaked starlight by a factor of 2.6 to 2.8 in the targeted spectral order, at a spatial separation of 2.0 λ/D in K-band. This corresponds to an estimated factor of 2.6 to 2.8 decrease in the required exposure time to reach a given SNR, relative to conventional KPIC observations. The performance of speckle nulling is limited by instability in the speckle phase: when the loop is opened, the null-depth degrades by a factor of 2 on the timescale of a single phase measurement, which would limit the suppression that can be achieved. Future work includes exploring gradient-descent methods, which may be faster and thereby able to achieve deeper nulls. In the meantime, the speckle nulling algorithm demonstrated in this work can be used to decrease stellar leakage and improve the signal-to-noise of science observations.
title On-sky speckle nulling through a single-mode fiber with the Keck Planet Imager and Characterizer
topic Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.11893