D-STAR: Dual Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Joint Uplink/Downlink Transmission
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2023
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| _version_ | 1866913226738892800 |
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| author | Shen, Li-Hsiang Wu, Po-Chen Ku, Chia-Jou Li, Yu-Ting Feng, Kai-Ten Liu, Yuanwei Hanzo, Lajos |
| author_facet | Shen, Li-Hsiang Wu, Po-Chen Ku, Chia-Jou Li, Yu-Ting Feng, Kai-Ten Liu, Yuanwei Hanzo, Lajos |
| contents | The joint uplink/downlink (JUD) design of simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS) is conceived in support of both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) users. Furthermore, the dual STAR-RISs (D-STAR) concept is conceived as a promising architecture for 360-degree full-plane service coverage, including UL/DL users located between the base station (BS) and the D-STAR as well as beyond. The corresponding regions are termed as primary (P) and secondary (S) regions. Both BS/users exist in the P-region, but only users are located in the S-region. The primary STAR-RIS (STAR-P) plays an important role in terms of tackling the P-region inter-user interference, the self-interference (SI) from the BS and from the reflective as well as refractive UL users imposed on the DL receiver. By contrast, the secondary STAR-RIS (STAR-S) aims for mitigating the S-region interferences. The non-linear and non-convex rate-maximization problem formulated is solved by alternating optimization amongst the decomposed convex sub-problems of the BS beamformer, and the D-STAR amplitude as well as phase shift configurations. We also propose a D-STAR based active beamforming and passive STAR-RIS amplitude/phase (DBAP) optimization scheme to solve the respective sub-problems by Lagrange dual with Dinkelbach's transformation, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with successive convex approximation (SCA), and penalty convex-concave procedure (PCCP). Our simulation results reveal that the proposed D-STAR architecture outperforms the conventional single RIS, single STAR-RIS, and half-duplex networks. The proposed DBAP of D-STAR outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions found in the open literature for different numbers of quantization levels, geographic deployment, transmit power and for diverse numbers of transmit antennas, patch partitions as well as D-STAR elements. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2307_16096 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | D-STAR: Dual Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Joint Uplink/Downlink Transmission Shen, Li-Hsiang Wu, Po-Chen Ku, Chia-Jou Li, Yu-Ting Feng, Kai-Ten Liu, Yuanwei Hanzo, Lajos Information Theory Signal Processing The joint uplink/downlink (JUD) design of simultaneously transmitting and reflecting reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (STAR-RIS) is conceived in support of both uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) users. Furthermore, the dual STAR-RISs (D-STAR) concept is conceived as a promising architecture for 360-degree full-plane service coverage, including UL/DL users located between the base station (BS) and the D-STAR as well as beyond. The corresponding regions are termed as primary (P) and secondary (S) regions. Both BS/users exist in the P-region, but only users are located in the S-region. The primary STAR-RIS (STAR-P) plays an important role in terms of tackling the P-region inter-user interference, the self-interference (SI) from the BS and from the reflective as well as refractive UL users imposed on the DL receiver. By contrast, the secondary STAR-RIS (STAR-S) aims for mitigating the S-region interferences. The non-linear and non-convex rate-maximization problem formulated is solved by alternating optimization amongst the decomposed convex sub-problems of the BS beamformer, and the D-STAR amplitude as well as phase shift configurations. We also propose a D-STAR based active beamforming and passive STAR-RIS amplitude/phase (DBAP) optimization scheme to solve the respective sub-problems by Lagrange dual with Dinkelbach's transformation, alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) with successive convex approximation (SCA), and penalty convex-concave procedure (PCCP). Our simulation results reveal that the proposed D-STAR architecture outperforms the conventional single RIS, single STAR-RIS, and half-duplex networks. The proposed DBAP of D-STAR outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions found in the open literature for different numbers of quantization levels, geographic deployment, transmit power and for diverse numbers of transmit antennas, patch partitions as well as D-STAR elements. |
| title | D-STAR: Dual Simultaneously Transmitting and Reflecting Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for Joint Uplink/Downlink Transmission |
| topic | Information Theory Signal Processing |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.16096 |