Graphene thermal infrared emitters integrated into silicon photonic waveguides
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2023
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| _version_ | 1866908347608858624 |
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| author | Negm, Nour Zayouna, Sarah Parhizkar, Shayan Lin, Pen-Sheng Huang, Po-Han Suckow, Stephan Schroeder, Stephan De Luca, Eleonora Briano, Floria Ottonello Quellmalz, Arne Duesberg, Georg S. Niklaus, Frank Gylfason, Kristinn B. Lemme, Max C. |
| author_facet | Negm, Nour Zayouna, Sarah Parhizkar, Shayan Lin, Pen-Sheng Huang, Po-Han Suckow, Stephan Schroeder, Stephan De Luca, Eleonora Briano, Floria Ottonello Quellmalz, Arne Duesberg, Georg S. Niklaus, Frank Gylfason, Kristinn B. Lemme, Max C. |
| contents | Cost-efficient and easily integrable broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) sources would significantly enhance the application space of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Thermal incandescent sources are superior to other common mid-IR emitters based on semiconductor materials in terms of PIC compatibility, manufacturing costs, and bandwidth. Ideal thermal emitters would radiate directly into the desired modes of the PIC waveguides via near-field coupling and would be stable at very high temperatures. Graphene is a semi-metallic two-dimensional material with comparable emissivity to thin metallic thermal emitters. It allows maximum coupling into waveguides by placing it directly into their evanescent fields. Here, we demonstrate graphene mid-IR emitters integrated with photonic waveguides that couple directly into the fundamental mode of silicon waveguides designed for a wavelength of 4,2 μm relevant for CO${_2}$ sensing. High broadband emission intensity is observed at the waveguide-integrated graphene emitter. The emission at the output grating couplers confirms successful coupling into the waveguide mode. Thermal simulations predict emitter temperatures up to 1000°C, where the blackbody radiation covers the mid-IR region. A coupling efficiency η, defined as the light emitted into the waveguide divided by the total emission, of up to 68% is estimated, superior to data published for other waveguide-integrated emitters. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2308_04046 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Graphene thermal infrared emitters integrated into silicon photonic waveguides Negm, Nour Zayouna, Sarah Parhizkar, Shayan Lin, Pen-Sheng Huang, Po-Han Suckow, Stephan Schroeder, Stephan De Luca, Eleonora Briano, Floria Ottonello Quellmalz, Arne Duesberg, Georg S. Niklaus, Frank Gylfason, Kristinn B. Lemme, Max C. Optics Applied Physics Cost-efficient and easily integrable broadband mid-infrared (mid-IR) sources would significantly enhance the application space of photonic integrated circuits (PICs). Thermal incandescent sources are superior to other common mid-IR emitters based on semiconductor materials in terms of PIC compatibility, manufacturing costs, and bandwidth. Ideal thermal emitters would radiate directly into the desired modes of the PIC waveguides via near-field coupling and would be stable at very high temperatures. Graphene is a semi-metallic two-dimensional material with comparable emissivity to thin metallic thermal emitters. It allows maximum coupling into waveguides by placing it directly into their evanescent fields. Here, we demonstrate graphene mid-IR emitters integrated with photonic waveguides that couple directly into the fundamental mode of silicon waveguides designed for a wavelength of 4,2 μm relevant for CO${_2}$ sensing. High broadband emission intensity is observed at the waveguide-integrated graphene emitter. The emission at the output grating couplers confirms successful coupling into the waveguide mode. Thermal simulations predict emitter temperatures up to 1000°C, where the blackbody radiation covers the mid-IR region. A coupling efficiency η, defined as the light emitted into the waveguide divided by the total emission, of up to 68% is estimated, superior to data published for other waveguide-integrated emitters. |
| title | Graphene thermal infrared emitters integrated into silicon photonic waveguides |
| topic | Optics Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.04046 |