Information Arbitrage in Bipartite Heat Engines

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Leighton, Matthew P., Ehrich, Jannik, Sivak, David A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Leighton, Matthew P.
Ehrich, Jannik
Sivak, David A.
author_facet Leighton, Matthew P.
Ehrich, Jannik
Sivak, David A.
contents Heat engines and information engines have each historically served as motivating examples for the development of thermodynamics. While these two types of systems are typically thought of as two separate kinds of machines, recent empirical studies of specific systems have hinted at possible connections between the two. Inspired by molecular machines in the cellular environment, which in many cases have separate components in contact with distinct sources of fluctuations, we study bipartite heat engines. We show that a bipartite heat engine can only produce net output work by acting as an information engine. Conversely, information engines can only extract more work than the work consumed to power them if they have access to different sources of fluctuations, i.e., act as heat engines. We illustrate these findings first through an analogy to economics and a cyclically controlled 2D ideal gas. We then explore two analytically tractable model systems in more detail: a Brownian-gyrator heat engine which we show can be reinterpreted as a feedback-cooling information engine, and a quantum-dot information engine which can be reinterpreted as a thermoelectric heat engine. Our results suggest design principles for both heat engines and information engines at the nanoscale, and ultimately imply constraints on how free-energy transduction is carried out in biological molecular machines.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2308_06325
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Information Arbitrage in Bipartite Heat Engines
Leighton, Matthew P.
Ehrich, Jannik
Sivak, David A.
Statistical Mechanics
Heat engines and information engines have each historically served as motivating examples for the development of thermodynamics. While these two types of systems are typically thought of as two separate kinds of machines, recent empirical studies of specific systems have hinted at possible connections between the two. Inspired by molecular machines in the cellular environment, which in many cases have separate components in contact with distinct sources of fluctuations, we study bipartite heat engines. We show that a bipartite heat engine can only produce net output work by acting as an information engine. Conversely, information engines can only extract more work than the work consumed to power them if they have access to different sources of fluctuations, i.e., act as heat engines. We illustrate these findings first through an analogy to economics and a cyclically controlled 2D ideal gas. We then explore two analytically tractable model systems in more detail: a Brownian-gyrator heat engine which we show can be reinterpreted as a feedback-cooling information engine, and a quantum-dot information engine which can be reinterpreted as a thermoelectric heat engine. Our results suggest design principles for both heat engines and information engines at the nanoscale, and ultimately imply constraints on how free-energy transduction is carried out in biological molecular machines.
title Information Arbitrage in Bipartite Heat Engines
topic Statistical Mechanics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.06325