Zeros of random polynomials undergoing the heat flow

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Hall, Brian C., Ho, Ching-Wei, Jalowy, Jonas, Kabluchko, Zakhar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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_version_ 1866909942098690048
author Hall, Brian C.
Ho, Ching-Wei
Jalowy, Jonas
Kabluchko, Zakhar
author_facet Hall, Brian C.
Ho, Ching-Wei
Jalowy, Jonas
Kabluchko, Zakhar
contents We investigate the evolution of the empirical distribution of the complex roots of high-degree random polynomials, when the polynomial undergoes the heat flow. In one prominent example of Weyl polynomials, the limiting zero distribution evolves from the circular law into the elliptic law until it collapses to the Wigner semicircle law, as was recently conjectured for characteristic polynomials of random matrices by Hall and Ho, 2022. Moreover, for a general family of random polynomials with independent coefficients and isotropic limiting distribution of zeros, we determine the zero distribution of the heat-evolved polynomials in terms of its logarithmic potential. Furthermore, we explicitly identify two critical time thresholds, at which singularities develop and at which the limiting distribution collapses to the semicircle law. We completely characterize the limiting root distribution of the heat-evolved polynomials before singularities develop as the push-forward of the initial distribution under a transport map. Finally, we discuss the results from the perspectives of partial differential equations (in particular Hamilton-Jacobi equation and Burgers' equation), optimal transport, and free probability. The theory is accompanied by explicit examples, simulations, and conjectures.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2308_11685
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Zeros of random polynomials undergoing the heat flow
Hall, Brian C.
Ho, Ching-Wei
Jalowy, Jonas
Kabluchko, Zakhar
Probability
Mathematical Physics
Analysis of PDEs
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Dynamical Systems
Primary: 60B20, 35K05, Secondary: 30A08, 30A06, 31A05, 60B10, 30D20, 46L54, 35F21, 35F20, 49L25, 49L12
We investigate the evolution of the empirical distribution of the complex roots of high-degree random polynomials, when the polynomial undergoes the heat flow. In one prominent example of Weyl polynomials, the limiting zero distribution evolves from the circular law into the elliptic law until it collapses to the Wigner semicircle law, as was recently conjectured for characteristic polynomials of random matrices by Hall and Ho, 2022. Moreover, for a general family of random polynomials with independent coefficients and isotropic limiting distribution of zeros, we determine the zero distribution of the heat-evolved polynomials in terms of its logarithmic potential. Furthermore, we explicitly identify two critical time thresholds, at which singularities develop and at which the limiting distribution collapses to the semicircle law. We completely characterize the limiting root distribution of the heat-evolved polynomials before singularities develop as the push-forward of the initial distribution under a transport map. Finally, we discuss the results from the perspectives of partial differential equations (in particular Hamilton-Jacobi equation and Burgers' equation), optimal transport, and free probability. The theory is accompanied by explicit examples, simulations, and conjectures.
title Zeros of random polynomials undergoing the heat flow
topic Probability
Mathematical Physics
Analysis of PDEs
Classical Analysis and ODEs
Dynamical Systems
Primary: 60B20, 35K05, Secondary: 30A08, 30A06, 31A05, 60B10, 30D20, 46L54, 35F21, 35F20, 49L25, 49L12
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11685