Apportionable matrices and gracefully labelled graphs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Clark, Antwan, Curtis, Bryan A., Gnang, Edinah K., Hogben, Leslie
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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_version_ 1866909214234902528
author Clark, Antwan
Curtis, Bryan A.
Gnang, Edinah K.
Hogben, Leslie
author_facet Clark, Antwan
Curtis, Bryan A.
Gnang, Edinah K.
Hogben, Leslie
contents To apportion a complex matrix means to apply a similarity so that all entries of the resulting matrix have the same magnitude. We initiate the study of apportionment, both by unitary matrix similarity and general matrix similarity. There are connections between apportionment and classical graph decomposition problems, including graceful labelings of graphs, Hadamard matrices, and equiangluar lines, and potential applications to instantaneous uniform mixing in quantum walks. The connection between apportionment and graceful labelings allows the construction of apportionable matrices from trees. A generalization of the well-known Eigenvalue Interlacing Inequalities using graceful labelings is also presented. It is shown that every rank one matrix can be apportioned by a unitary similarity, but there are $2\x 2$ matrices that cannot be apportioned. A necessary condition for a matrix to be apportioned by unitary matrix is established. This condition is used to construct a set of matrices with nonzero Lebesgue measure that are not apportionable by a unitary matrix.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2308_11808
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Apportionable matrices and gracefully labelled graphs
Clark, Antwan
Curtis, Bryan A.
Gnang, Edinah K.
Hogben, Leslie
Combinatorics
05C50, 05C78, 15A04, 15A18
To apportion a complex matrix means to apply a similarity so that all entries of the resulting matrix have the same magnitude. We initiate the study of apportionment, both by unitary matrix similarity and general matrix similarity. There are connections between apportionment and classical graph decomposition problems, including graceful labelings of graphs, Hadamard matrices, and equiangluar lines, and potential applications to instantaneous uniform mixing in quantum walks. The connection between apportionment and graceful labelings allows the construction of apportionable matrices from trees. A generalization of the well-known Eigenvalue Interlacing Inequalities using graceful labelings is also presented. It is shown that every rank one matrix can be apportioned by a unitary similarity, but there are $2\x 2$ matrices that cannot be apportioned. A necessary condition for a matrix to be apportioned by unitary matrix is established. This condition is used to construct a set of matrices with nonzero Lebesgue measure that are not apportionable by a unitary matrix.
title Apportionable matrices and gracefully labelled graphs
topic Combinatorics
05C50, 05C78, 15A04, 15A18
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2308.11808