Quantum and classical Fisher information in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2023
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| _version_ | 1866909285438455808 |
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| author | Dwyer, Christian Paganin, David M. |
| author_facet | Dwyer, Christian Paganin, David M. |
| contents | We analyze the quantum limit of sensitivity in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM), which has emerged as a favored technique for imaging the structure of a wide variety of materials, including biological and other radiation-sensitive materials. 4D-STEM is an indirect (computational) imaging technique, which uses a scanning beam, and records the scattering distribution in momentum (diffraction) space for each beam position. We find that, in measuring a sample's electrostatic potential, the quantum Fisher information from 4D-STEM can match that from real-space phase-contrast imaging. Near-optimum quantum Fisher information is achieved using a delocalized speckled probe. However, owing to the detection in the diffraction plane, 4D-STEM ultimately enables only about half of the quantum limit, whereas Zernike phase-contrast imaging enables the quantum limit for all spatial frequencies admitted by the optical system. On the other hand, 4D-STEM can yield information on spatial frequencies well beyond those accessible by phase-contrast TEM. Our conclusions extend to analogous imaging modalities using coherent scalar visible light and x-rays. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2309_04701 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Quantum and classical Fisher information in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy Dwyer, Christian Paganin, David M. Optics Quantum Physics We analyze the quantum limit of sensitivity in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy (4D-STEM), which has emerged as a favored technique for imaging the structure of a wide variety of materials, including biological and other radiation-sensitive materials. 4D-STEM is an indirect (computational) imaging technique, which uses a scanning beam, and records the scattering distribution in momentum (diffraction) space for each beam position. We find that, in measuring a sample's electrostatic potential, the quantum Fisher information from 4D-STEM can match that from real-space phase-contrast imaging. Near-optimum quantum Fisher information is achieved using a delocalized speckled probe. However, owing to the detection in the diffraction plane, 4D-STEM ultimately enables only about half of the quantum limit, whereas Zernike phase-contrast imaging enables the quantum limit for all spatial frequencies admitted by the optical system. On the other hand, 4D-STEM can yield information on spatial frequencies well beyond those accessible by phase-contrast TEM. Our conclusions extend to analogous imaging modalities using coherent scalar visible light and x-rays. |
| title | Quantum and classical Fisher information in four-dimensional scanning transmission electron microscopy |
| topic | Optics Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.04701 |