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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2023
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.04834 |
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Table of Contents:
- Global particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations of pulsar magnetospheres are performed with a volume, surface and pair production-based plasma injection schemes to systematically investigate the transition between electrosphere and force-free pulsar magnetospheric regimes. A new extension of the PIC code OSIRIS to model pulsar magnetospheres using a two-dimensional axisymmetric spherical grid is presented. The sub-algorithms of the code and thorough benchmarks are presented in detail, including a new first-order current deposition scheme that conserves charge to machine precision. It is shown that all plasma injection schemes produce a range of magnetospheric regimes. Active solutions can be obtained with surface and volume injection schemes when using artificially large plasma injection rates, and with pair production-based plasma injection for sufficiently large separation between kinematic and pair production energy scales.