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Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope

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Main Authors:	ANTARES Collaboration, Albert, A., Alves, S., André, M., Ardid, M., Ardid, S., Aubert, J. J., Aublin, J, Baret, B., Basa, S., Becherini, Y., Belhorma, B., Bendahman, M., Benfenati, F., Bertin, V., Biagi, S., Bissinger, M., Boumaaza, J., Bouta, M., Bouwhuis, M. C., Brânzaş, H., Bruijn, R., Brunner, J., Busto, J., Caiffi, B., Calvo, D., Campion, S., Capone, A., Caramete, L., Carenini, F., Carr, J., Carretero, V., Celli, S., Cerisy, L., Chabab, M., Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El, Chiarusi, T., Circella, M., Coelho, J. A. B., Coleiro, A., Coniglione, R., Coyle, P., Creusot, A., Cruz, A. S. M., Díaz, A. F., De Martino, B., Distefano, C., Di Palma, I., Domi, A., Donzaud, C., Dornic, D., Drouhin, D., Eberl, T., van Eeden, T., van Eijk, D., Hedri, S. El, Khayati, N. El, Enzenhöfer, A., Fermani, P., Ferrara, G., Filippini, F., Fusco, L., Gagliardini, S., García, J., Oliver, C. Gatius, Gay, P., Geißelbrecht, N., Glotin, H., Gozzini, R., Ruiz, R. Gracia, Graf, K., Guidi, C., Haegel, L., Hallmann, S., van Haren, H., Heijboer, A. J., Hello, Y., Hernández-Rey, J. J., Hößl, J., Hofestädt, J., Huang, F., Illuminati, G., James, C. W., Jisse-Jung, B., de Jong, M., de Jong, P., Kadler, M., Kalekin, O., Katz, U., Kouchner, A., Kovalev, Y. A, Kovalev, Y. Y, Kreykenbohm, I., Kulikovskiy, V., Lahmann, R., Lamoureux, M., Lazo, A., Lefèvre, D., Leonora, E., Levi, G., Stum, S. Le, Lopez-Coto, D., Loucatos, S., Maderer, L., Manczak, J., Marcelin, M., Margiotta, A., Marinelli, A., Martínez-Mora, J. A., Migliozzi, P., Moussa, A., Muller, R., Navas, S., Nezri, E., Fearraigh, B. Ó, Oukacha, E., Păun, A., Păvălaş, G. E., Peña-Martínez, S., Perrin-Terrin, M., Pestel, V., Piattelli, P., Plavin, A., Poirè, C., Popa, V., Pradier, T., Pushkarev, A., Randazzo, N., Real, D., Reck, S., Riccobene, G., Romanov, A., Sánchez-Losa, A., Saina, A., Greus, F. Salesa, Samtleben, D. F. E., Sanguineti, M., Sapienza, P., Schnabel, J., Schumann, J., Schüssler, F., Seneca, J., Spurio, M., Stolarczyk, Th., Taiuti, M., Tayalati, Y., Tingay, S. J., Troitsky, S., Vallage, B., Vannoye, G., Van Elewyck, V., Viola, S., Vivolo, D., Wilms, J., Zavatarelli, S., Zegarelli, A., Zornoza, J. D., Zúñiga, J., Collaboration, OVRO, :, Hovatta, T., Kiehlmann, S., Liodakis, I., Pavlidou, V., Readhead, A. C. S
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2023
Subjects:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	ANTARES Collaboration Albert, A. Alves, S. André, M. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Aubert, J. J. Aublin, J Baret, B. Basa, S. Becherini, Y. Belhorma, B. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Bissinger, M. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. C. Brânzaş, H. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Caramete, L. Carenini, F. Carr, J. Carretero, V. Celli, S. Cerisy, L. Chabab, M. Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Coelho, J. A. B. Coleiro, A. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cruz, A. S. M. Díaz, A. F. De Martino, B. Distefano, C. Di Palma, I. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Drouhin, D. Eberl, T. van Eeden, T. van Eijk, D. Hedri, S. El Khayati, N. El Enzenhöfer, A. Fermani, P. Ferrara, G. Filippini, F. Fusco, L. Gagliardini, S. García, J. Oliver, C. Gatius Gay, P. Geißelbrecht, N. Glotin, H. Gozzini, R. Ruiz, R. Gracia Graf, K. Guidi, C. Haegel, L. Hallmann, S. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. J. Hello, Y. Hernández-Rey, J. J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, J. Huang, F. Illuminati, G. James, C. W. Jisse-Jung, B. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Kadler, M. Kalekin, O. Katz, U. Kouchner, A. Kovalev, Y. A Kovalev, Y. Y Kreykenbohm, I. Kulikovskiy, V. Lahmann, R. Lamoureux, M. Lazo, A. Lefèvre, D. Leonora, E. Levi, G. Stum, S. Le Lopez-Coto, D. Loucatos, S. Maderer, L. Manczak, J. Marcelin, M. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Martínez-Mora, J. A. Migliozzi, P. Moussa, A. Muller, R. Navas, S. Nezri, E. Fearraigh, B. Ó Oukacha, E. Păun, A. Păvălaş, G. E. Peña-Martínez, S. Perrin-Terrin, M. Pestel, V. Piattelli, P. Plavin, A. Poirè, C. Popa, V. Pradier, T. Pushkarev, A. Randazzo, N. Real, D. Reck, S. Riccobene, G. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, A. Saina, A. Greus, F. Salesa Samtleben, D. F. E. Sanguineti, M. Sapienza, P. Schnabel, J. Schumann, J. Schüssler, F. Seneca, J. Spurio, M. Stolarczyk, Th. Taiuti, M. Tayalati, Y. Tingay, S. J. Troitsky, S. Vallage, B. Vannoye, G. Van Elewyck, V. Viola, S. Vivolo, D. Wilms, J. Zavatarelli, S. Zegarelli, A. Zornoza, J. D. Zúñiga, J. Collaboration, OVRO : Hovatta, T. Kiehlmann, S. Liodakis, I. Pavlidou, V. Readhead, A. C. S
author_facet	ANTARES Collaboration Albert, A. Alves, S. André, M. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Aubert, J. J. Aublin, J Baret, B. Basa, S. Becherini, Y. Belhorma, B. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Bissinger, M. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. C. Brânzaş, H. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Caramete, L. Carenini, F. Carr, J. Carretero, V. Celli, S. Cerisy, L. Chabab, M. Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Coelho, J. A. B. Coleiro, A. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cruz, A. S. M. Díaz, A. F. De Martino, B. Distefano, C. Di Palma, I. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Drouhin, D. Eberl, T. van Eeden, T. van Eijk, D. Hedri, S. El Khayati, N. El Enzenhöfer, A. Fermani, P. Ferrara, G. Filippini, F. Fusco, L. Gagliardini, S. García, J. Oliver, C. Gatius Gay, P. Geißelbrecht, N. Glotin, H. Gozzini, R. Ruiz, R. Gracia Graf, K. Guidi, C. Haegel, L. Hallmann, S. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. J. Hello, Y. Hernández-Rey, J. J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, J. Huang, F. Illuminati, G. James, C. W. Jisse-Jung, B. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Kadler, M. Kalekin, O. Katz, U. Kouchner, A. Kovalev, Y. A Kovalev, Y. Y Kreykenbohm, I. Kulikovskiy, V. Lahmann, R. Lamoureux, M. Lazo, A. Lefèvre, D. Leonora, E. Levi, G. Stum, S. Le Lopez-Coto, D. Loucatos, S. Maderer, L. Manczak, J. Marcelin, M. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Martínez-Mora, J. A. Migliozzi, P. Moussa, A. Muller, R. Navas, S. Nezri, E. Fearraigh, B. Ó Oukacha, E. Păun, A. Păvălaş, G. E. Peña-Martínez, S. Perrin-Terrin, M. Pestel, V. Piattelli, P. Plavin, A. Poirè, C. Popa, V. Pradier, T. Pushkarev, A. Randazzo, N. Real, D. Reck, S. Riccobene, G. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, A. Saina, A. Greus, F. Salesa Samtleben, D. F. E. Sanguineti, M. Sapienza, P. Schnabel, J. Schumann, J. Schüssler, F. Seneca, J. Spurio, M. Stolarczyk, Th. Taiuti, M. Tayalati, Y. Tingay, S. J. Troitsky, S. Vallage, B. Vannoye, G. Van Elewyck, V. Viola, S. Vivolo, D. Wilms, J. Zavatarelli, S. Zegarelli, A. Zornoza, J. D. Zúñiga, J. Collaboration, OVRO : Hovatta, T. Kiehlmann, S. Liodakis, I. Pavlidou, V. Readhead, A. C. S
contents	Active galaxies, especially blazars, are among the most promising neutrino source candidates. To date, ANTARES searches for these objects considered GeV-TeV $γ$-ray bright blazars. Here, a statistically complete radio-bright blazar sample is used as the target for searches of origins of neutrinos collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope over 13 years of operation. The hypothesis of a neutrino-blazar directional correlation is tested by pair counting and by a complementary likelihood-based approach. The resulting post-trial $p$-value is $3.0\%$ ($2.2σ$ in the two-sided convention), possibly indicating a correlation. Additionally, a time-dependent analysis is performed to search for temporal clustering of neutrino candidates as a mean of detecting neutrino flares in blazars. None of the investigated sources alone reaches a significant flare detection level. However, the presence of 18 sources with a pre-trial significance above $3σ$ indicates a $p=1.4\%$ ($2.5σ$ in the two-sided convention) detection of a time-variable neutrino flux. An \textit{a posteriori} investigation reveals an intriguing temporal coincidence of neutrino, radio, and $γ$-ray flares of the J0242+1101 blazar at a $p=0.5\%$ ($2.9σ$ in the two-sided convention) level. Altogether, the results presented here suggest a possible connection of neutrino candidates detected by the ANTARES telescope with radio-bright blazars.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2309_06874
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2023
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope ANTARES Collaboration Albert, A. Alves, S. André, M. Ardid, M. Ardid, S. Aubert, J. J. Aublin, J Baret, B. Basa, S. Becherini, Y. Belhorma, B. Bendahman, M. Benfenati, F. Bertin, V. Biagi, S. Bissinger, M. Boumaaza, J. Bouta, M. Bouwhuis, M. C. Brânzaş, H. Bruijn, R. Brunner, J. Busto, J. Caiffi, B. Calvo, D. Campion, S. Capone, A. Caramete, L. Carenini, F. Carr, J. Carretero, V. Celli, S. Cerisy, L. Chabab, M. Moursli, R. Cherkaoui El Chiarusi, T. Circella, M. Coelho, J. A. B. Coleiro, A. Coniglione, R. Coyle, P. Creusot, A. Cruz, A. S. M. Díaz, A. F. De Martino, B. Distefano, C. Di Palma, I. Domi, A. Donzaud, C. Dornic, D. Drouhin, D. Eberl, T. van Eeden, T. van Eijk, D. Hedri, S. El Khayati, N. El Enzenhöfer, A. Fermani, P. Ferrara, G. Filippini, F. Fusco, L. Gagliardini, S. García, J. Oliver, C. Gatius Gay, P. Geißelbrecht, N. Glotin, H. Gozzini, R. Ruiz, R. Gracia Graf, K. Guidi, C. Haegel, L. Hallmann, S. van Haren, H. Heijboer, A. J. Hello, Y. Hernández-Rey, J. J. Hößl, J. Hofestädt, J. Huang, F. Illuminati, G. James, C. W. Jisse-Jung, B. de Jong, M. de Jong, P. Kadler, M. Kalekin, O. Katz, U. Kouchner, A. Kovalev, Y. A Kovalev, Y. Y Kreykenbohm, I. Kulikovskiy, V. Lahmann, R. Lamoureux, M. Lazo, A. Lefèvre, D. Leonora, E. Levi, G. Stum, S. Le Lopez-Coto, D. Loucatos, S. Maderer, L. Manczak, J. Marcelin, M. Margiotta, A. Marinelli, A. Martínez-Mora, J. A. Migliozzi, P. Moussa, A. Muller, R. Navas, S. Nezri, E. Fearraigh, B. Ó Oukacha, E. Păun, A. Păvălaş, G. E. Peña-Martínez, S. Perrin-Terrin, M. Pestel, V. Piattelli, P. Plavin, A. Poirè, C. Popa, V. Pradier, T. Pushkarev, A. Randazzo, N. Real, D. Reck, S. Riccobene, G. Romanov, A. Sánchez-Losa, A. Saina, A. Greus, F. Salesa Samtleben, D. F. E. Sanguineti, M. Sapienza, P. Schnabel, J. Schumann, J. Schüssler, F. Seneca, J. Spurio, M. Stolarczyk, Th. Taiuti, M. Tayalati, Y. Tingay, S. J. Troitsky, S. Vallage, B. Vannoye, G. Van Elewyck, V. Viola, S. Vivolo, D. Wilms, J. Zavatarelli, S. Zegarelli, A. Zornoza, J. D. Zúñiga, J. Collaboration, OVRO : Hovatta, T. Kiehlmann, S. Liodakis, I. Pavlidou, V. Readhead, A. C. S High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Active galaxies, especially blazars, are among the most promising neutrino source candidates. To date, ANTARES searches for these objects considered GeV-TeV $γ$-ray bright blazars. Here, a statistically complete radio-bright blazar sample is used as the target for searches of origins of neutrinos collected by the ANTARES neutrino telescope over 13 years of operation. The hypothesis of a neutrino-blazar directional correlation is tested by pair counting and by a complementary likelihood-based approach. The resulting post-trial $p$-value is $3.0\%$ ($2.2σ$ in the two-sided convention), possibly indicating a correlation. Additionally, a time-dependent analysis is performed to search for temporal clustering of neutrino candidates as a mean of detecting neutrino flares in blazars. None of the investigated sources alone reaches a significant flare detection level. However, the presence of 18 sources with a pre-trial significance above $3σ$ indicates a $p=1.4\%$ ($2.5σ$ in the two-sided convention) detection of a time-variable neutrino flux. An \textit{a posteriori} investigation reveals an intriguing temporal coincidence of neutrino, radio, and $γ$-ray flares of the J0242+1101 blazar at a $p=0.5\%$ ($2.9σ$ in the two-sided convention) level. Altogether, the results presented here suggest a possible connection of neutrino candidates detected by the ANTARES telescope with radio-bright blazars.
title	Searches for neutrinos in the direction of radio-bright blazars with the ANTARES telescope
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.06874