Optimal Ensemble Control of Matter-Wave Splitting in Bose-Einstein Condensates
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2023
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| _version_ | 1866913247357042688 |
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| author | de Lima, Andre Luiz P. Harter, Andrew K. Martin, Michael J. Zlotnik, Anatoly |
| author_facet | de Lima, Andre Luiz P. Harter, Andrew K. Martin, Michael J. Zlotnik, Anatoly |
| contents | We present a framework for designing optimal optical pulses for the matter-wave splitting of a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) under the influence of experimental inhomogeneities, so that the sample is transferred from an initial rest position into a singular higher diffraction order. To represent the evolution of the population of atoms, the Schroedinger's equation is reinterpreted as a parameterized ensemble of dynamical units that are disparately impacted by the beam light-shift potential in a continuous manner. The derived infinite-dimensional coupled Raman-Nath equations are truncated to a finite system of diffraction levels, and we suppose that the parameter that defines the inhomogeneity in the control applied to the ensemble system is restricted to a compact interval. We first design baseline square pulse sequences for the excitation of BEC beam-splitter states following a previous study, subject to dynamic constraints for either a nominal system assuming no inhomogeneity or for several samples of the uncertain parameter. We then approximate the continuum state-space of the ensemble of dynamics using a spectral approach based on Legendre moments, which is truncated at a finite order. Control functions that steer the BEC system from an equivalent rest position to a desired final excitation are designed using a constrained optimal control approach developed for handling nonlinear dynamics. This representation results in a minimal dimension of the computational problem and is shown to be highly robust to inhomogeneity in comparison to the baseline approach. Our method accomplishes the BEC-splitting state transfer for each subsystem in the ensemble, and is promising for precise excitation in experimental settings where robustness to environmental and intrinsic noise is paramount. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2309_08807 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Optimal Ensemble Control of Matter-Wave Splitting in Bose-Einstein Condensates de Lima, Andre Luiz P. Harter, Andrew K. Martin, Michael J. Zlotnik, Anatoly Optimization and Control We present a framework for designing optimal optical pulses for the matter-wave splitting of a Bose-Einstein Condensate (BEC) under the influence of experimental inhomogeneities, so that the sample is transferred from an initial rest position into a singular higher diffraction order. To represent the evolution of the population of atoms, the Schroedinger's equation is reinterpreted as a parameterized ensemble of dynamical units that are disparately impacted by the beam light-shift potential in a continuous manner. The derived infinite-dimensional coupled Raman-Nath equations are truncated to a finite system of diffraction levels, and we suppose that the parameter that defines the inhomogeneity in the control applied to the ensemble system is restricted to a compact interval. We first design baseline square pulse sequences for the excitation of BEC beam-splitter states following a previous study, subject to dynamic constraints for either a nominal system assuming no inhomogeneity or for several samples of the uncertain parameter. We then approximate the continuum state-space of the ensemble of dynamics using a spectral approach based on Legendre moments, which is truncated at a finite order. Control functions that steer the BEC system from an equivalent rest position to a desired final excitation are designed using a constrained optimal control approach developed for handling nonlinear dynamics. This representation results in a minimal dimension of the computational problem and is shown to be highly robust to inhomogeneity in comparison to the baseline approach. Our method accomplishes the BEC-splitting state transfer for each subsystem in the ensemble, and is promising for precise excitation in experimental settings where robustness to environmental and intrinsic noise is paramount. |
| title | Optimal Ensemble Control of Matter-Wave Splitting in Bose-Einstein Condensates |
| topic | Optimization and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2309.08807 |