Toward One-Second Latency: Evolution of Live Media Streaming
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2023
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| _version_ | 1866908288867631104 |
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| author | Bentaleb, Abdelhak Lim, May Akcay, Mehmet N. Begen, Ali C. Hammoudi, Sarra Zimmermann, Roger |
| author_facet | Bentaleb, Abdelhak Lim, May Akcay, Mehmet N. Begen, Ali C. Hammoudi, Sarra Zimmermann, Roger |
| contents | This survey presents the evolution of live media streaming and the technological developments behind today's IP-based low-latency live streaming systems. Live streaming primarily involves capturing, encoding, packaging and delivering real-time events such as live sports, live news, personal broadcasts and surveillance videos. Live streaming also involves concurrent streaming of linear TV programming off the satellite, cable, over-the-air or IPTV broadcast, where the programming is not necessarily a real-time event.
The survey starts with a discussion on the latency and latency continuum in streaming applications. Then, it lays out the existing live streaming workflows and protocols, followed by an in-depth analysis of the latency sources in these workflows and protocols. The survey continues with the technology enablers, low-latency extensions for the popular HTTP adaptive streaming methods and enhancements for robust low-latency playback. An entire section is dedicated to the detailed summary and findings of Twitch's grand challenge on low-latency live streaming. The survey concludes with a discussion of ongoing research problems in this space. We expect this survey to be the one-stop reference for those who would like to learn how low-latency live streaming has evolved and works today, and what further developments could happen in the future. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2310_03256 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Toward One-Second Latency: Evolution of Live Media Streaming Bentaleb, Abdelhak Lim, May Akcay, Mehmet N. Begen, Ali C. Hammoudi, Sarra Zimmermann, Roger Networking and Internet Architecture Multimedia This survey presents the evolution of live media streaming and the technological developments behind today's IP-based low-latency live streaming systems. Live streaming primarily involves capturing, encoding, packaging and delivering real-time events such as live sports, live news, personal broadcasts and surveillance videos. Live streaming also involves concurrent streaming of linear TV programming off the satellite, cable, over-the-air or IPTV broadcast, where the programming is not necessarily a real-time event. The survey starts with a discussion on the latency and latency continuum in streaming applications. Then, it lays out the existing live streaming workflows and protocols, followed by an in-depth analysis of the latency sources in these workflows and protocols. The survey continues with the technology enablers, low-latency extensions for the popular HTTP adaptive streaming methods and enhancements for robust low-latency playback. An entire section is dedicated to the detailed summary and findings of Twitch's grand challenge on low-latency live streaming. The survey concludes with a discussion of ongoing research problems in this space. We expect this survey to be the one-stop reference for those who would like to learn how low-latency live streaming has evolved and works today, and what further developments could happen in the future. |
| title | Toward One-Second Latency: Evolution of Live Media Streaming |
| topic | Networking and Internet Architecture Multimedia |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.03256 |