The Value of Ancillary Services for Electrolyzers
Fuente:
arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2023
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| Acceso en línea: | |
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| _version_ | 1866913977377751040 |
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| author | Johnsen, Andrea Gloppen Mitridati, Lesia Zarrilli, Donato Kazempour, Jalal |
| author_facet | Johnsen, Andrea Gloppen Mitridati, Lesia Zarrilli, Donato Kazempour, Jalal |
| contents | Although primarily designed for hydrogen production, electrolyzers can support power systems by providing various ancillary services, opening new revenue streams that enhance their economic viability. This paper investigates the participation of an electrolyzer in frequency-supporting reserve markets, analyzing how bid structures and activation intensities affect its value. We develop a mixed-integer linear program to co-optimize electricity procurement and reserve provision, and analytically derive the opportunity cost of reserve provision, which determines the optimal bid price. Using historical price and frequency data from western Denmark, we show that asymmetric, hourly reserve products often entail no opportunity cost and can increase profits by up to 47%. However, energy-intensive reserves may disrupt hydrogen production and risk unmet demand. Our findings reveal that flexible bidding can mitigate these risks while maintaining profitability. We also highlight the benefits of diversifying across reserve products and offer two recommendations: System operators should reconsider reserve bid structures to better accommodate electrolyzers, and electrolyzer owners should not overlook energy-intensive reserve services when hydrogen demand is flexible. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2310_04321 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Value of Ancillary Services for Electrolyzers Johnsen, Andrea Gloppen Mitridati, Lesia Zarrilli, Donato Kazempour, Jalal Optimization and Control Although primarily designed for hydrogen production, electrolyzers can support power systems by providing various ancillary services, opening new revenue streams that enhance their economic viability. This paper investigates the participation of an electrolyzer in frequency-supporting reserve markets, analyzing how bid structures and activation intensities affect its value. We develop a mixed-integer linear program to co-optimize electricity procurement and reserve provision, and analytically derive the opportunity cost of reserve provision, which determines the optimal bid price. Using historical price and frequency data from western Denmark, we show that asymmetric, hourly reserve products often entail no opportunity cost and can increase profits by up to 47%. However, energy-intensive reserves may disrupt hydrogen production and risk unmet demand. Our findings reveal that flexible bidding can mitigate these risks while maintaining profitability. We also highlight the benefits of diversifying across reserve products and offer two recommendations: System operators should reconsider reserve bid structures to better accommodate electrolyzers, and electrolyzer owners should not overlook energy-intensive reserve services when hydrogen demand is flexible. |
| title | The Value of Ancillary Services for Electrolyzers |
| topic | Optimization and Control |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.04321 |