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Magnetic Field Properties inside the Jet of Mrk 421: Multiwavelength Polarimetry Including the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer

Fuente: arXiv

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Autores principales:	Kim, Dawoon E., Di Gesu, Laura, Liodakis, Ioannis, Marscher, Alan P., Jorstad, Svetlana G., Midde, Riccardo, Marshall, Herman L., Pacciani, Luigi, Agudo, Iván, Tavecchio, Fabrizio, Cibrario, Nicolò, Tugliani, Stefano, Bonino, Raffaella, Negro, Michela, Puccetti, Simonetta, Tombesi, Francesco, Costa, Enrico, Donnarumma, Immacolata, Soffitta, Paolo, Mizuno, Tsunefumi, Fukazawa, Yasushi, Kawabata, Koji S., Nakaoka, Tatsuya, Uemura, Makoto, Imazawa, Ryo, Sasada, Mahito, Akitaya, Hiroshi, Aceituno, Francisco Josè, Bonnoli, Giacomo, Casanova, Vìctor, Myserlis, Ioannis, Sievers, Albrecht, Angelakis, Emmanouil, Kraus, Alexander, Cheong, Whee Yeon, Jeong, Hyeon-Woo, Kang, Sincheol, Kim, Sang-Hyun, Lee, Sang-Sung, Agìs-Gonzàlez, Beatriz, Sota, Alfredo, Escudero, Juan, Gurwell, Mark, Keating, Garrett K., Rao, Ramprasad, Kouch, Pouya M., Lindfors, Elina, Bourbah, Ioakeim G., Kiehlmann, Sebastian, Kontopodis, Evangelos, Mandarakas, Nikos, Romanopoulos, Stylianos, Skalidis, Raphael, Vervelaki, Anna, Savchenko, Sergey S., Antonelli, Lucio A., Bachetti, Matteo, Baldini, Luca, Baumgartner, Wayne H., Bellazzini, Ronaldo, Bianchi, Stefano, Bongiorno, Stephen D., Brez, Alessandro, Bucciantini, Niccolò, Capitanio, Fiamma, Castellano, Simone, Cavazzuti, Elisabetta, Chen, Chien-Ting, Ciprini, Stefano, De Rosa, Alessandra, Del Monte, Ettore, Di Lalla, Niccolò, Di Marco, Alessandro, Doroshenko, Victor, Dovčiak, Michal, Ehlert, Steven R., Enoto, Teruaki, Evangelista, Yuri, Fabiani, Sergio, Ferrazzoli, Riccardo, Garcia, Javier A., Gunji, Shuichi, Hayashida, Kiyoshi, Heyl, Jeremy, Iwakiri, Wataru, Kaaret, Philip, Karas, Vladimir, Kislat, Fabian, Kitaguchi, Takao, Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J., Krawczynski, Henric, La Monaca, Fabio, Latronico, Luca, Maldera, Simone, Manfreda, Alberto, Marin, Frédéric, Marinucci, Andrea, Massaro, Francesco, Matt, Giorgio, Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki, Muleri, Fabio, Ng, C. -Y., O'Dell, Stephen L., Omodei, Nicola, Oppedisano, Chiara, Papitto, Alessandro, Pavlov, George G., Peirson, Abel L., Perri, Matteo, Pesce-Rollins, Melissa, Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier, Pilia, Maura, Possenti, Andrea, Poutanen, Juri, Ramsey, Brian D., Rankin, John, Ratheesh, Ajay, Roberts, Oliver, Romani, Roger W., Sgrò, Carmelo, Slane, Patrick, Spandre, Gloria, Swartz, Doug, Tamagawa, Toru, Taverna, Roberto, Tawara, Yuzuru, Tennant, Allyn F., Thomas, Nicholas E., Trois, Alessio, Tsygankov, Sergey S., Turolla, Roberto, Vink, Jacco, Weisskopf, Martin C., Wu, Kinwah, Xie, Fei, Zane, Silvia
Formato:	Preprint
Publicado:	2023
Materias:	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Acceso en línea:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Kim, Dawoon E. Di Gesu, Laura Liodakis, Ioannis Marscher, Alan P. Jorstad, Svetlana G. Midde, Riccardo Marshall, Herman L. Pacciani, Luigi Agudo, Iván Tavecchio, Fabrizio Cibrario, Nicolò Tugliani, Stefano Bonino, Raffaella Negro, Michela Puccetti, Simonetta Tombesi, Francesco Costa, Enrico Donnarumma, Immacolata Soffitta, Paolo Mizuno, Tsunefumi Fukazawa, Yasushi Kawabata, Koji S. Nakaoka, Tatsuya Uemura, Makoto Imazawa, Ryo Sasada, Mahito Akitaya, Hiroshi Aceituno, Francisco Josè Bonnoli, Giacomo Casanova, Vìctor Myserlis, Ioannis Sievers, Albrecht Angelakis, Emmanouil Kraus, Alexander Cheong, Whee Yeon Jeong, Hyeon-Woo Kang, Sincheol Kim, Sang-Hyun Lee, Sang-Sung Agìs-Gonzàlez, Beatriz Sota, Alfredo Escudero, Juan Gurwell, Mark Keating, Garrett K. Rao, Ramprasad Kouch, Pouya M. Lindfors, Elina Bourbah, Ioakeim G. Kiehlmann, Sebastian Kontopodis, Evangelos Mandarakas, Nikos Romanopoulos, Stylianos Skalidis, Raphael Vervelaki, Anna Savchenko, Sergey S. Antonelli, Lucio A. Bachetti, Matteo Baldini, Luca Baumgartner, Wayne H. Bellazzini, Ronaldo Bianchi, Stefano Bongiorno, Stephen D. Brez, Alessandro Bucciantini, Niccolò Capitanio, Fiamma Castellano, Simone Cavazzuti, Elisabetta Chen, Chien-Ting Ciprini, Stefano De Rosa, Alessandra Del Monte, Ettore Di Lalla, Niccolò Di Marco, Alessandro Doroshenko, Victor Dovčiak, Michal Ehlert, Steven R. Enoto, Teruaki Evangelista, Yuri Fabiani, Sergio Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Garcia, Javier A. Gunji, Shuichi Hayashida, Kiyoshi Heyl, Jeremy Iwakiri, Wataru Kaaret, Philip Karas, Vladimir Kislat, Fabian Kitaguchi, Takao Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Krawczynski, Henric La Monaca, Fabio Latronico, Luca Maldera, Simone Manfreda, Alberto Marin, Frédéric Marinucci, Andrea Massaro, Francesco Matt, Giorgio Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Muleri, Fabio Ng, C. -Y. O'Dell, Stephen L. Omodei, Nicola Oppedisano, Chiara Papitto, Alessandro Pavlov, George G. Peirson, Abel L. Perri, Matteo Pesce-Rollins, Melissa Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier Pilia, Maura Possenti, Andrea Poutanen, Juri Ramsey, Brian D. Rankin, John Ratheesh, Ajay Roberts, Oliver Romani, Roger W. Sgrò, Carmelo Slane, Patrick Spandre, Gloria Swartz, Doug Tamagawa, Toru Taverna, Roberto Tawara, Yuzuru Tennant, Allyn F. Thomas, Nicholas E. Trois, Alessio Tsygankov, Sergey S. Turolla, Roberto Vink, Jacco Weisskopf, Martin C. Wu, Kinwah Xie, Fei Zane, Silvia
author_facet	Kim, Dawoon E. Di Gesu, Laura Liodakis, Ioannis Marscher, Alan P. Jorstad, Svetlana G. Midde, Riccardo Marshall, Herman L. Pacciani, Luigi Agudo, Iván Tavecchio, Fabrizio Cibrario, Nicolò Tugliani, Stefano Bonino, Raffaella Negro, Michela Puccetti, Simonetta Tombesi, Francesco Costa, Enrico Donnarumma, Immacolata Soffitta, Paolo Mizuno, Tsunefumi Fukazawa, Yasushi Kawabata, Koji S. Nakaoka, Tatsuya Uemura, Makoto Imazawa, Ryo Sasada, Mahito Akitaya, Hiroshi Aceituno, Francisco Josè Bonnoli, Giacomo Casanova, Vìctor Myserlis, Ioannis Sievers, Albrecht Angelakis, Emmanouil Kraus, Alexander Cheong, Whee Yeon Jeong, Hyeon-Woo Kang, Sincheol Kim, Sang-Hyun Lee, Sang-Sung Agìs-Gonzàlez, Beatriz Sota, Alfredo Escudero, Juan Gurwell, Mark Keating, Garrett K. Rao, Ramprasad Kouch, Pouya M. Lindfors, Elina Bourbah, Ioakeim G. Kiehlmann, Sebastian Kontopodis, Evangelos Mandarakas, Nikos Romanopoulos, Stylianos Skalidis, Raphael Vervelaki, Anna Savchenko, Sergey S. Antonelli, Lucio A. Bachetti, Matteo Baldini, Luca Baumgartner, Wayne H. Bellazzini, Ronaldo Bianchi, Stefano Bongiorno, Stephen D. Brez, Alessandro Bucciantini, Niccolò Capitanio, Fiamma Castellano, Simone Cavazzuti, Elisabetta Chen, Chien-Ting Ciprini, Stefano De Rosa, Alessandra Del Monte, Ettore Di Lalla, Niccolò Di Marco, Alessandro Doroshenko, Victor Dovčiak, Michal Ehlert, Steven R. Enoto, Teruaki Evangelista, Yuri Fabiani, Sergio Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Garcia, Javier A. Gunji, Shuichi Hayashida, Kiyoshi Heyl, Jeremy Iwakiri, Wataru Kaaret, Philip Karas, Vladimir Kislat, Fabian Kitaguchi, Takao Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Krawczynski, Henric La Monaca, Fabio Latronico, Luca Maldera, Simone Manfreda, Alberto Marin, Frédéric Marinucci, Andrea Massaro, Francesco Matt, Giorgio Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Muleri, Fabio Ng, C. -Y. O'Dell, Stephen L. Omodei, Nicola Oppedisano, Chiara Papitto, Alessandro Pavlov, George G. Peirson, Abel L. Perri, Matteo Pesce-Rollins, Melissa Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier Pilia, Maura Possenti, Andrea Poutanen, Juri Ramsey, Brian D. Rankin, John Ratheesh, Ajay Roberts, Oliver Romani, Roger W. Sgrò, Carmelo Slane, Patrick Spandre, Gloria Swartz, Doug Tamagawa, Toru Taverna, Roberto Tawara, Yuzuru Tennant, Allyn F. Thomas, Nicholas E. Trois, Alessio Tsygankov, Sergey S. Turolla, Roberto Vink, Jacco Weisskopf, Martin C. Wu, Kinwah Xie, Fei Zane, Silvia
contents	We conducted a polarimetry campaign from radio to X-ray wavelengths of the high-synchrotron-peak (HSP) blazar Mrk 421, including Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) measurements on 2022 December 6-8. We detected X-ray polarization of Mrk 421 with a degree of $Π_{\rm X}$=14$\pm$1$\%$ and an electric-vector position angle $ψ_{\rm X}$=107$\pm$3$^{\circ}$ in the 2-8 keV band. From the time variability analysis, we find a significant episodic variation in $ψ_{\rm X}$. During 7 months from the first IXPE pointing of Mrk 421 in 2022 May, $ψ_{\rm X}$ varied across the range of 0$^{\circ}$ to 180$^{\circ}$, while $Π_{\rm X}$ maintained similar values within $\sim$10-15$\%$. Furthermore, a swing in $ψ_{\rm X}$ in 2022 June was accompanied by simultaneous spectral variations. The results of the multiwavelength polarimetry show that the X-ray polarization degree was generally $\sim$2-3 times greater than that at longer wavelengths, while the polarization angle fluctuated. Additionally, based on radio, infrared, and optical polarimetry, we find that rotation of $ψ$ occurred in the opposite direction with respect to the rotation of $ψ_{\rm X}$ over longer timescales at similar epochs. The polarization behavior observed across multiple wavelengths is consistent with previous IXPE findings for HSP blazars. This result favors the energy-stratified shock model developed to explain variable emission in relativistic jets. The accompanying spectral variation during the $ψ_{\rm X}$ rotation can be explained by a fluctuation in the physical conditions, e.g., in the energy distribution of relativistic electrons. The opposite rotation direction of $ψ$ between the X-ray and longer-wavelength polarization accentuates the conclusion that the X-ray emitting region is spatially separated from that at longer wavelengths.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2310_06097
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2023
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	Magnetic Field Properties inside the Jet of Mrk 421: Multiwavelength Polarimetry Including the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer Kim, Dawoon E. Di Gesu, Laura Liodakis, Ioannis Marscher, Alan P. Jorstad, Svetlana G. Midde, Riccardo Marshall, Herman L. Pacciani, Luigi Agudo, Iván Tavecchio, Fabrizio Cibrario, Nicolò Tugliani, Stefano Bonino, Raffaella Negro, Michela Puccetti, Simonetta Tombesi, Francesco Costa, Enrico Donnarumma, Immacolata Soffitta, Paolo Mizuno, Tsunefumi Fukazawa, Yasushi Kawabata, Koji S. Nakaoka, Tatsuya Uemura, Makoto Imazawa, Ryo Sasada, Mahito Akitaya, Hiroshi Aceituno, Francisco Josè Bonnoli, Giacomo Casanova, Vìctor Myserlis, Ioannis Sievers, Albrecht Angelakis, Emmanouil Kraus, Alexander Cheong, Whee Yeon Jeong, Hyeon-Woo Kang, Sincheol Kim, Sang-Hyun Lee, Sang-Sung Agìs-Gonzàlez, Beatriz Sota, Alfredo Escudero, Juan Gurwell, Mark Keating, Garrett K. Rao, Ramprasad Kouch, Pouya M. Lindfors, Elina Bourbah, Ioakeim G. Kiehlmann, Sebastian Kontopodis, Evangelos Mandarakas, Nikos Romanopoulos, Stylianos Skalidis, Raphael Vervelaki, Anna Savchenko, Sergey S. Antonelli, Lucio A. Bachetti, Matteo Baldini, Luca Baumgartner, Wayne H. Bellazzini, Ronaldo Bianchi, Stefano Bongiorno, Stephen D. Brez, Alessandro Bucciantini, Niccolò Capitanio, Fiamma Castellano, Simone Cavazzuti, Elisabetta Chen, Chien-Ting Ciprini, Stefano De Rosa, Alessandra Del Monte, Ettore Di Lalla, Niccolò Di Marco, Alessandro Doroshenko, Victor Dovčiak, Michal Ehlert, Steven R. Enoto, Teruaki Evangelista, Yuri Fabiani, Sergio Ferrazzoli, Riccardo Garcia, Javier A. Gunji, Shuichi Hayashida, Kiyoshi Heyl, Jeremy Iwakiri, Wataru Kaaret, Philip Karas, Vladimir Kislat, Fabian Kitaguchi, Takao Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J. Krawczynski, Henric La Monaca, Fabio Latronico, Luca Maldera, Simone Manfreda, Alberto Marin, Frédéric Marinucci, Andrea Massaro, Francesco Matt, Giorgio Mitsuishi, Ikuyuki Muleri, Fabio Ng, C. -Y. O'Dell, Stephen L. Omodei, Nicola Oppedisano, Chiara Papitto, Alessandro Pavlov, George G. Peirson, Abel L. Perri, Matteo Pesce-Rollins, Melissa Petrucci, Pierre-Olivier Pilia, Maura Possenti, Andrea Poutanen, Juri Ramsey, Brian D. Rankin, John Ratheesh, Ajay Roberts, Oliver Romani, Roger W. Sgrò, Carmelo Slane, Patrick Spandre, Gloria Swartz, Doug Tamagawa, Toru Taverna, Roberto Tawara, Yuzuru Tennant, Allyn F. Thomas, Nicholas E. Trois, Alessio Tsygankov, Sergey S. Turolla, Roberto Vink, Jacco Weisskopf, Martin C. Wu, Kinwah Xie, Fei Zane, Silvia High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We conducted a polarimetry campaign from radio to X-ray wavelengths of the high-synchrotron-peak (HSP) blazar Mrk 421, including Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer (IXPE) measurements on 2022 December 6-8. We detected X-ray polarization of Mrk 421 with a degree of $Π_{\rm X}$=14$\pm$1$\%$ and an electric-vector position angle $ψ_{\rm X}$=107$\pm$3$^{\circ}$ in the 2-8 keV band. From the time variability analysis, we find a significant episodic variation in $ψ_{\rm X}$. During 7 months from the first IXPE pointing of Mrk 421 in 2022 May, $ψ_{\rm X}$ varied across the range of 0$^{\circ}$ to 180$^{\circ}$, while $Π_{\rm X}$ maintained similar values within $\sim$10-15$\%$. Furthermore, a swing in $ψ_{\rm X}$ in 2022 June was accompanied by simultaneous spectral variations. The results of the multiwavelength polarimetry show that the X-ray polarization degree was generally $\sim$2-3 times greater than that at longer wavelengths, while the polarization angle fluctuated. Additionally, based on radio, infrared, and optical polarimetry, we find that rotation of $ψ$ occurred in the opposite direction with respect to the rotation of $ψ_{\rm X}$ over longer timescales at similar epochs. The polarization behavior observed across multiple wavelengths is consistent with previous IXPE findings for HSP blazars. This result favors the energy-stratified shock model developed to explain variable emission in relativistic jets. The accompanying spectral variation during the $ψ_{\rm X}$ rotation can be explained by a fluctuation in the physical conditions, e.g., in the energy distribution of relativistic electrons. The opposite rotation direction of $ψ$ between the X-ray and longer-wavelength polarization accentuates the conclusion that the X-ray emitting region is spatially separated from that at longer wavelengths.
title	Magnetic Field Properties inside the Jet of Mrk 421: Multiwavelength Polarimetry Including the Imaging X-ray Polarimetry Explorer
topic	High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.06097