Particle initialization effects on Lyman-$α$ forest statistics in cosmological SPH simulations

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Main Authors: Khan, Nabendu Kumar, Kulkarni, Girish, Bolton, James S., Haehnelt, Martin G., Iršič, Vid, Puchwein, Ewald, Asthana, Shikhar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Khan, Nabendu Kumar
Kulkarni, Girish
Bolton, James S.
Haehnelt, Martin G.
Iršič, Vid
Puchwein, Ewald
Asthana, Shikhar
author_facet Khan, Nabendu Kumar
Kulkarni, Girish
Bolton, James S.
Haehnelt, Martin G.
Iršič, Vid
Puchwein, Ewald
Asthana, Shikhar
contents Confronting measurements of the Lyman-$α$ forest with cosmological hydrodynamical simulations has produced stringent constraints on models of particle dark matter and the thermal and ionization state of the intergalactic medium. We investigate the robustness of such models of the Lyman-$α$ forest, focussing on the effect of particle initial conditions on the Lyman-$α$ forest statistics in cosmological SPH simulations. We study multiple particle initialization algorithms in simulations that are designed to be identical in other respects. In agreement with the literature, we find that the correct linear theory evolution is obtained when a glass-like configuration is used for initial unperturbed gas particle positions alongside a regular grid configuration for dark matter particles and the use of non-identical initial density perturbations for gas and dark matter. However, we report that this introduces a large scale-dependent distortion in the one-dimensional Lyman-$α$ transmission power spectrum at small scales ($k > 0.05$ s/km). The effect is close to $50\%$ at $k\sim 0.1$ s/km, and persists at higher resolution. This can severely bias inferences in parameters such as the dark matter particle mass. By considering multiple initial conditions codes and their variations, we also study the impact of a variety of other assumptions and algorithmic choices, such as adaptive softening, background radiation density, particle staggering, and perturbation theory accuracy, on the matter power spectrum, the Lyman-$α$ flux power spectrum, and the Lyman-$α$ flux PDF. This work reveals possible pathways towards more accurate theoretical models of the Lyman-$α$ forest to match the quality of upcoming measurements.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2310_07767
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Particle initialization effects on Lyman-$α$ forest statistics in cosmological SPH simulations
Khan, Nabendu Kumar
Kulkarni, Girish
Bolton, James S.
Haehnelt, Martin G.
Iršič, Vid
Puchwein, Ewald
Asthana, Shikhar
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Confronting measurements of the Lyman-$α$ forest with cosmological hydrodynamical simulations has produced stringent constraints on models of particle dark matter and the thermal and ionization state of the intergalactic medium. We investigate the robustness of such models of the Lyman-$α$ forest, focussing on the effect of particle initial conditions on the Lyman-$α$ forest statistics in cosmological SPH simulations. We study multiple particle initialization algorithms in simulations that are designed to be identical in other respects. In agreement with the literature, we find that the correct linear theory evolution is obtained when a glass-like configuration is used for initial unperturbed gas particle positions alongside a regular grid configuration for dark matter particles and the use of non-identical initial density perturbations for gas and dark matter. However, we report that this introduces a large scale-dependent distortion in the one-dimensional Lyman-$α$ transmission power spectrum at small scales ($k > 0.05$ s/km). The effect is close to $50\%$ at $k\sim 0.1$ s/km, and persists at higher resolution. This can severely bias inferences in parameters such as the dark matter particle mass. By considering multiple initial conditions codes and their variations, we also study the impact of a variety of other assumptions and algorithmic choices, such as adaptive softening, background radiation density, particle staggering, and perturbation theory accuracy, on the matter power spectrum, the Lyman-$α$ flux power spectrum, and the Lyman-$α$ flux PDF. This work reveals possible pathways towards more accurate theoretical models of the Lyman-$α$ forest to match the quality of upcoming measurements.
title Particle initialization effects on Lyman-$α$ forest statistics in cosmological SPH simulations
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.07767