Salvato in:
| Autori principali: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2023
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| Soggetti: | |
| Accesso online: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.08162 |
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Sommario:
- Even before its role in electroweak symmetry breaking, the Anderson-Higgs mechanism was introduced to explain the Meissner effect in superconductors. Spontaneous symmetry-breaking yields massless phase modes representing the low-energy excitations of the Mexican-Hat potential. Only in superconductors the phase mode is shifted towards higher energies owing to the gauge field of the charged condensate. This results in a low-energy excitation spectrum governed by the Higgs mode. Consequently, the Meissner effect signifies a macroscopic quantum condensate in which a photon acquires mass, representing a one-to-one analogy to high-energy physics. We report on the direct observation of the Higgs particle in the high-temperature superconductor Bi-2212 by developing an innovative technique to study its symmetries and energies after a "soft quench" of the Mexican-Hat potential. Population inversion of the metastable Higgs particle induced by an initial laser pulse allows identifying the polarization-dependent Higgs modes as an additional anti-Stokes Raman-scattering signal. Within Ginzburg-Landau theory, the Higgs-mode energy is connected to the Cooper-pair coherence length. Within a BCS weak-coupling model we develop a quantitative and coherent description of single-particle and two-particle channels. This opens the avenue for Higgs Spectroscopy in quantum condensates and provides a unique pathway to control and explore Higgs physics.