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The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems IV: NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometry Performance and Lessons Learned

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Main Authors:	Sallum, Steph, Ray, Shrishmoy, Kammerer, Jens, Sivaramakrishnan, Anand, Cooper, Rachel, Greebaum, Alexandra Z., Thatte, Deepashri, de Furio, Matthew, Factor, Samuel, Meyer, Michael, Stone, Jordan M., Carter, Aarynn, Biller, Beth, Hinkley, Sasha, Skemer, Andrew, Suarez, Genaro, Leisenring, Jarron M., Perrin, Marshall D., Kraus, Adam L., Absil, Olivier, Balmer, William O., Bonnefoy, Mickael, Bryan, Marta L., Betti, Sarah K., Boccaletti, Anthony, Bonavita, Mariangela, Booth, Mark, Bowler, Brendan P., Briesemeister, Zackery W., Cantalloube, Faustine, Chauvin, Gael, Christiaens, Valentin, Cugno, Gabriele, Currie, Thayne, Danielski, Camilla, Dupuy, Trent J., Faherty, Jacqueline K., Chen, Christine H., Calissendorff, Per, Choquet, Elodie, Fitzgerald, Michael P., Fortney, Jonathan J., Franson, Kyle, Girard, Julien H., Grady, Carol A., Gonzales, Eileen C., Henning, Thomas, Hines, Dean C., Hoch, Kielan K. W., Hood, Callie E., Howe, Alex R., Janson, Markus, Kalas, Paul, Kennedy, Grant M., Kenworthy, Matthew A., Kervella, Pierre, Kitzmann, Daniel, Kuzuhara, Masayuki, Lagrange, Anne-Marie, Lagage, Pierre-Olivier, Lawson, Kellen, Lazzoni, Cecilia, Lew, Ben W. P., Liu, Michael C., Liu, Pengyu, Llop-Sayson, Jorge, Lloyd, James P., Lueber, Anna, Macintosh, Bruce, Manjavacas, Elena, Marino, Sebastian, Marley, Mark S., Marois, Christian, Martinez, Raquel A., Matthews, Brenda C., Matthews, Elisabeth C., Mawet, Dimitri, Mazoyer, Johan, McElwain, Michael W., Metchev, Stanimir, Miles, Brittany E., Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A., Molliere, Paul, Moran, Sarah E., Morley, Caroline V., Mukherjee, Sagnick, Palma-Bifani, Paulina, Pantin, Eric, Patapis, Polychronis, Petrus, Simon, Pueyo, Laurent, Quanz, Sascha P., Quirrenbach, Andreas, Rebollido, Isabel, Redai, Jea Adams, Ren, Bin B., Rickman, Emily, Samland, Matthias, Sargent, B. A., Schlieder, Joshua E., Schneider, Glenn, Stapelfeldt, Karl R., Sutlieff, Ben J., Tamura, Motohide, Tan, Xianyu, Theissen, Christopher A., Uyama, Taichi, Vigan, Arthur, Vasist, Malavika, Vos, Johanna M., Wagner, Kevin, Wang, Jason J., Ward-Duong, Kimberly, Whiteford, Niall, Wolff, Schuyler G., Worthen, Kadin, Wyatt, Mark C., Ygouf, Marie, Zhang, Xi, Zhang, Keming, Zhang, Zhoujian, Zhou, Yifan, Zurlo, Alice
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2023
Subjects:	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Sallum, Steph Ray, Shrishmoy Kammerer, Jens Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Cooper, Rachel Greebaum, Alexandra Z. Thatte, Deepashri de Furio, Matthew Factor, Samuel Meyer, Michael Stone, Jordan M. Carter, Aarynn Biller, Beth Hinkley, Sasha Skemer, Andrew Suarez, Genaro Leisenring, Jarron M. Perrin, Marshall D. Kraus, Adam L. Absil, Olivier Balmer, William O. Bonnefoy, Mickael Bryan, Marta L. Betti, Sarah K. Boccaletti, Anthony Bonavita, Mariangela Booth, Mark Bowler, Brendan P. Briesemeister, Zackery W. Cantalloube, Faustine Chauvin, Gael Christiaens, Valentin Cugno, Gabriele Currie, Thayne Danielski, Camilla Dupuy, Trent J. Faherty, Jacqueline K. Chen, Christine H. Calissendorff, Per Choquet, Elodie Fitzgerald, Michael P. Fortney, Jonathan J. Franson, Kyle Girard, Julien H. Grady, Carol A. Gonzales, Eileen C. Henning, Thomas Hines, Dean C. Hoch, Kielan K. W. Hood, Callie E. Howe, Alex R. Janson, Markus Kalas, Paul Kennedy, Grant M. Kenworthy, Matthew A. Kervella, Pierre Kitzmann, Daniel Kuzuhara, Masayuki Lagrange, Anne-Marie Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Lawson, Kellen Lazzoni, Cecilia Lew, Ben W. P. Liu, Michael C. Liu, Pengyu Llop-Sayson, Jorge Lloyd, James P. Lueber, Anna Macintosh, Bruce Manjavacas, Elena Marino, Sebastian Marley, Mark S. Marois, Christian Martinez, Raquel A. Matthews, Brenda C. Matthews, Elisabeth C. Mawet, Dimitri Mazoyer, Johan McElwain, Michael W. Metchev, Stanimir Miles, Brittany E. Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A. Molliere, Paul Moran, Sarah E. Morley, Caroline V. Mukherjee, Sagnick Palma-Bifani, Paulina Pantin, Eric Patapis, Polychronis Petrus, Simon Pueyo, Laurent Quanz, Sascha P. Quirrenbach, Andreas Rebollido, Isabel Redai, Jea Adams Ren, Bin B. Rickman, Emily Samland, Matthias Sargent, B. A. Schlieder, Joshua E. Schneider, Glenn Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Sutlieff, Ben J. Tamura, Motohide Tan, Xianyu Theissen, Christopher A. Uyama, Taichi Vigan, Arthur Vasist, Malavika Vos, Johanna M. Wagner, Kevin Wang, Jason J. Ward-Duong, Kimberly Whiteford, Niall Wolff, Schuyler G. Worthen, Kadin Wyatt, Mark C. Ygouf, Marie Zhang, Xi Zhang, Keming Zhang, Zhoujian Zhou, Yifan Zurlo, Alice
author_facet	Sallum, Steph Ray, Shrishmoy Kammerer, Jens Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Cooper, Rachel Greebaum, Alexandra Z. Thatte, Deepashri de Furio, Matthew Factor, Samuel Meyer, Michael Stone, Jordan M. Carter, Aarynn Biller, Beth Hinkley, Sasha Skemer, Andrew Suarez, Genaro Leisenring, Jarron M. Perrin, Marshall D. Kraus, Adam L. Absil, Olivier Balmer, William O. Bonnefoy, Mickael Bryan, Marta L. Betti, Sarah K. Boccaletti, Anthony Bonavita, Mariangela Booth, Mark Bowler, Brendan P. Briesemeister, Zackery W. Cantalloube, Faustine Chauvin, Gael Christiaens, Valentin Cugno, Gabriele Currie, Thayne Danielski, Camilla Dupuy, Trent J. Faherty, Jacqueline K. Chen, Christine H. Calissendorff, Per Choquet, Elodie Fitzgerald, Michael P. Fortney, Jonathan J. Franson, Kyle Girard, Julien H. Grady, Carol A. Gonzales, Eileen C. Henning, Thomas Hines, Dean C. Hoch, Kielan K. W. Hood, Callie E. Howe, Alex R. Janson, Markus Kalas, Paul Kennedy, Grant M. Kenworthy, Matthew A. Kervella, Pierre Kitzmann, Daniel Kuzuhara, Masayuki Lagrange, Anne-Marie Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Lawson, Kellen Lazzoni, Cecilia Lew, Ben W. P. Liu, Michael C. Liu, Pengyu Llop-Sayson, Jorge Lloyd, James P. Lueber, Anna Macintosh, Bruce Manjavacas, Elena Marino, Sebastian Marley, Mark S. Marois, Christian Martinez, Raquel A. Matthews, Brenda C. Matthews, Elisabeth C. Mawet, Dimitri Mazoyer, Johan McElwain, Michael W. Metchev, Stanimir Miles, Brittany E. Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A. Molliere, Paul Moran, Sarah E. Morley, Caroline V. Mukherjee, Sagnick Palma-Bifani, Paulina Pantin, Eric Patapis, Polychronis Petrus, Simon Pueyo, Laurent Quanz, Sascha P. Quirrenbach, Andreas Rebollido, Isabel Redai, Jea Adams Ren, Bin B. Rickman, Emily Samland, Matthias Sargent, B. A. Schlieder, Joshua E. Schneider, Glenn Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Sutlieff, Ben J. Tamura, Motohide Tan, Xianyu Theissen, Christopher A. Uyama, Taichi Vigan, Arthur Vasist, Malavika Vos, Johanna M. Wagner, Kevin Wang, Jason J. Ward-Duong, Kimberly Whiteford, Niall Wolff, Schuyler G. Worthen, Kadin Wyatt, Mark C. Ygouf, Marie Zhang, Xi Zhang, Keming Zhang, Zhoujian Zhou, Yifan Zurlo, Alice
contents	We present a performance analysis for the aperture masking interferometry (AMI) mode on board the James Webb Space Telescope Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (JWST/NIRISS). Thanks to self-calibrating observables, AMI accesses inner working angles down to and even within the classical diffraction limit. The scientific potential of this mode has recently been demonstrated by the Early Release Science (ERS) 1386 program with a deep search for close-in companions in the HIP 65426 exoplanetary system. As part of ERS 1386, we use the same data set to explore the random, static, and calibration errors of NIRISS AMI observables. We compare the observed noise properties and achievable contrast to theoretical predictions. We explore possible sources of calibration errors and show that differences in charge migration between the observations of HIP 65426 and point-spread function calibration stars can account for the achieved contrast curves. Lastly, we use self-calibration tests to demonstrate that with adequate calibration NIRISS F380M AMI can reach contrast levels of $\sim9-10$ mag at $\gtrsim λ/D$. These tests lead us to observation planning recommendations and strongly motivate future studies aimed at producing sophisticated calibration strategies taking these systematic effects into account. This will unlock the unprecedented capabilities of JWST/NIRISS AMI, with sensitivity to significantly colder, lower-mass exoplanets than lower-contrast ground-based AMI setups, at orbital separations inaccessible to JWST coronagraphy.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2310_11499
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2023
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems IV: NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometry Performance and Lessons Learned Sallum, Steph Ray, Shrishmoy Kammerer, Jens Sivaramakrishnan, Anand Cooper, Rachel Greebaum, Alexandra Z. Thatte, Deepashri de Furio, Matthew Factor, Samuel Meyer, Michael Stone, Jordan M. Carter, Aarynn Biller, Beth Hinkley, Sasha Skemer, Andrew Suarez, Genaro Leisenring, Jarron M. Perrin, Marshall D. Kraus, Adam L. Absil, Olivier Balmer, William O. Bonnefoy, Mickael Bryan, Marta L. Betti, Sarah K. Boccaletti, Anthony Bonavita, Mariangela Booth, Mark Bowler, Brendan P. Briesemeister, Zackery W. Cantalloube, Faustine Chauvin, Gael Christiaens, Valentin Cugno, Gabriele Currie, Thayne Danielski, Camilla Dupuy, Trent J. Faherty, Jacqueline K. Chen, Christine H. Calissendorff, Per Choquet, Elodie Fitzgerald, Michael P. Fortney, Jonathan J. Franson, Kyle Girard, Julien H. Grady, Carol A. Gonzales, Eileen C. Henning, Thomas Hines, Dean C. Hoch, Kielan K. W. Hood, Callie E. Howe, Alex R. Janson, Markus Kalas, Paul Kennedy, Grant M. Kenworthy, Matthew A. Kervella, Pierre Kitzmann, Daniel Kuzuhara, Masayuki Lagrange, Anne-Marie Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Lawson, Kellen Lazzoni, Cecilia Lew, Ben W. P. Liu, Michael C. Liu, Pengyu Llop-Sayson, Jorge Lloyd, James P. Lueber, Anna Macintosh, Bruce Manjavacas, Elena Marino, Sebastian Marley, Mark S. Marois, Christian Martinez, Raquel A. Matthews, Brenda C. Matthews, Elisabeth C. Mawet, Dimitri Mazoyer, Johan McElwain, Michael W. Metchev, Stanimir Miles, Brittany E. Millar-Blanchaer, Maxwell A. Molliere, Paul Moran, Sarah E. Morley, Caroline V. Mukherjee, Sagnick Palma-Bifani, Paulina Pantin, Eric Patapis, Polychronis Petrus, Simon Pueyo, Laurent Quanz, Sascha P. Quirrenbach, Andreas Rebollido, Isabel Redai, Jea Adams Ren, Bin B. Rickman, Emily Samland, Matthias Sargent, B. A. Schlieder, Joshua E. Schneider, Glenn Stapelfeldt, Karl R. Sutlieff, Ben J. Tamura, Motohide Tan, Xianyu Theissen, Christopher A. Uyama, Taichi Vigan, Arthur Vasist, Malavika Vos, Johanna M. Wagner, Kevin Wang, Jason J. Ward-Duong, Kimberly Whiteford, Niall Wolff, Schuyler G. Worthen, Kadin Wyatt, Mark C. Ygouf, Marie Zhang, Xi Zhang, Keming Zhang, Zhoujian Zhou, Yifan Zurlo, Alice Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics We present a performance analysis for the aperture masking interferometry (AMI) mode on board the James Webb Space Telescope Near Infrared Imager and Slitless Spectrograph (JWST/NIRISS). Thanks to self-calibrating observables, AMI accesses inner working angles down to and even within the classical diffraction limit. The scientific potential of this mode has recently been demonstrated by the Early Release Science (ERS) 1386 program with a deep search for close-in companions in the HIP 65426 exoplanetary system. As part of ERS 1386, we use the same data set to explore the random, static, and calibration errors of NIRISS AMI observables. We compare the observed noise properties and achievable contrast to theoretical predictions. We explore possible sources of calibration errors and show that differences in charge migration between the observations of HIP 65426 and point-spread function calibration stars can account for the achieved contrast curves. Lastly, we use self-calibration tests to demonstrate that with adequate calibration NIRISS F380M AMI can reach contrast levels of $\sim9-10$ mag at $\gtrsim λ/D$. These tests lead us to observation planning recommendations and strongly motivate future studies aimed at producing sophisticated calibration strategies taking these systematic effects into account. This will unlock the unprecedented capabilities of JWST/NIRISS AMI, with sensitivity to significantly colder, lower-mass exoplanets than lower-contrast ground-based AMI setups, at orbital separations inaccessible to JWST coronagraphy.
title	The JWST Early Release Science Program for Direct Observations of Exoplanetary Systems IV: NIRISS Aperture Masking Interferometry Performance and Lessons Learned
topic	Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.11499