3D Multi-Target Localization Via Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Protocol and Analysis

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Main Authors: Hua, Meng, Chen, Guangji, Meng, Kaitao, Ma, Shaodan, Yuen, Chau, So, Hing Cheung
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Hua, Meng
Chen, Guangji
Meng, Kaitao
Ma, Shaodan
Yuen, Chau
So, Hing Cheung
author_facet Hua, Meng
Chen, Guangji
Meng, Kaitao
Ma, Shaodan
Yuen, Chau
So, Hing Cheung
contents With the emerging environment-aware applications, ubiquitous sensing is expected to play a key role in future networks. In this paper, we study a 3-dimensional (3D) multi-target localization system where multiple intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are applied to create virtual line-of-sight (LoS) links that bypass the base station (BS) and targets. To fully unveil the fundamental limit of IRS for sensing, we first study a single-target-single-IRS case and propose a novel \textit{two-stage localization protocol} by controlling the on/off state of IRS. To be specific, in the IRS-off stage, we derive the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) of the azimuth/elevation direction-of-arrival (DoA) of the BS-target link and design a DoA estimator based on the MUSIC algorithm. In the IRS-on stage, the CRB of the azimuth/elevation DoA of the IRS-target link is derived and a simple DoA estimator based on the on-grid IRS beam scanning method is proposed. Particularly, the impact of echo signals reflected by IRS from different paths on sensing performance is analyzed. Moreover, we prove that the single-beam of the IRS is not capable of sensing, but it can be achieved with \textit{multi-beam}. Based on the two obtained DoAs, the 3D single-target location is constructed. We then extend to the multi-target-multi-IRS case and propose an \textit{IRS-adaptive sensing protocol} by controlling the on/off state of multiple IRSs, and a multi-target localization algorithm is developed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme and show that sub-meter-level positioning accuracy can be achieved.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2310_15574
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle 3D Multi-Target Localization Via Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Protocol and Analysis
Hua, Meng
Chen, Guangji
Meng, Kaitao
Ma, Shaodan
Yuen, Chau
So, Hing Cheung
Information Theory
Signal Processing
With the emerging environment-aware applications, ubiquitous sensing is expected to play a key role in future networks. In this paper, we study a 3-dimensional (3D) multi-target localization system where multiple intelligent reflecting surfaces (IRSs) are applied to create virtual line-of-sight (LoS) links that bypass the base station (BS) and targets. To fully unveil the fundamental limit of IRS for sensing, we first study a single-target-single-IRS case and propose a novel \textit{two-stage localization protocol} by controlling the on/off state of IRS. To be specific, in the IRS-off stage, we derive the Cramér-Rao bound (CRB) of the azimuth/elevation direction-of-arrival (DoA) of the BS-target link and design a DoA estimator based on the MUSIC algorithm. In the IRS-on stage, the CRB of the azimuth/elevation DoA of the IRS-target link is derived and a simple DoA estimator based on the on-grid IRS beam scanning method is proposed. Particularly, the impact of echo signals reflected by IRS from different paths on sensing performance is analyzed. Moreover, we prove that the single-beam of the IRS is not capable of sensing, but it can be achieved with \textit{multi-beam}. Based on the two obtained DoAs, the 3D single-target location is constructed. We then extend to the multi-target-multi-IRS case and propose an \textit{IRS-adaptive sensing protocol} by controlling the on/off state of multiple IRSs, and a multi-target localization algorithm is developed. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of our scheme and show that sub-meter-level positioning accuracy can be achieved.
title 3D Multi-Target Localization Via Intelligent Reflecting Surface: Protocol and Analysis
topic Information Theory
Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.15574