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Main Authors: Wan, Yixin, Wu, Fanyou, Xu, Weijie, Sengamedu, Srinivasan H.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.18794
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author Wan, Yixin
Wu, Fanyou
Xu, Weijie
Sengamedu, Srinivasan H.
author_facet Wan, Yixin
Wu, Fanyou
Xu, Weijie
Sengamedu, Srinivasan H.
contents In this work, we propose sequence-level certainty as a common theme over hallucination in Knowledge Grounded Dialogue Generation (KGDG). We explore the correlation between the level of hallucination in model responses and two types of sequence-level certainty: probabilistic certainty and semantic certainty. Empirical results reveal that higher levels of both types of certainty in model responses are correlated with lower levels of hallucination. We further propose Certainty-based Response Ranking (CRR), a decoding-time hallucination mitigation method that samples several response candidates, ranks them based on sequence-level certainty, and outputs the response with the highest certainty level. Aligning with our definitions of sequence-level certainty, we design 2 types of CRR approaches: Probabilistic CRR (P-CRR) and Semantic CRR (S-CRR). P-CRR ranks individually sampled model responses using the arithmetic mean log-probability of the entire sequence. S-CRR approaches certainty estimation from meaning-space, and ranks model response candidates based on their semantic certainty level as measured by an entailment-based Agreement Score (AS). Through extensive experiments across 3 KGDG datasets, 3 decoding methods, and 4 KGDG models, we validate the effectiveness of CRR for reducing hallucination in KGDG task.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2310_18794
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publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Sequence-Level Certainty Reduces Hallucination In Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation
Wan, Yixin
Wu, Fanyou
Xu, Weijie
Sengamedu, Srinivasan H.
Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
In this work, we propose sequence-level certainty as a common theme over hallucination in Knowledge Grounded Dialogue Generation (KGDG). We explore the correlation between the level of hallucination in model responses and two types of sequence-level certainty: probabilistic certainty and semantic certainty. Empirical results reveal that higher levels of both types of certainty in model responses are correlated with lower levels of hallucination. We further propose Certainty-based Response Ranking (CRR), a decoding-time hallucination mitigation method that samples several response candidates, ranks them based on sequence-level certainty, and outputs the response with the highest certainty level. Aligning with our definitions of sequence-level certainty, we design 2 types of CRR approaches: Probabilistic CRR (P-CRR) and Semantic CRR (S-CRR). P-CRR ranks individually sampled model responses using the arithmetic mean log-probability of the entire sequence. S-CRR approaches certainty estimation from meaning-space, and ranks model response candidates based on their semantic certainty level as measured by an entailment-based Agreement Score (AS). Through extensive experiments across 3 KGDG datasets, 3 decoding methods, and 4 KGDG models, we validate the effectiveness of CRR for reducing hallucination in KGDG task.
title Sequence-Level Certainty Reduces Hallucination In Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation
topic Computation and Language
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2310.18794