The role of viscosity on drop impact forces on non-wetting surfaces

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Sanjay, Vatsal, Zhang, Bin, Lv, Cunjing, Lohse, Detlef
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Sanjay, Vatsal
Zhang, Bin
Lv, Cunjing
Lohse, Detlef
author_facet Sanjay, Vatsal
Zhang, Bin
Lv, Cunjing
Lohse, Detlef
contents A liquid drop impacting a rigid substrate undergoes deformation and spreading due to normal reaction forces, which are counteracted by surface tension. On a non-wetting substrate, the drop subsequently retracts and takes off. Our recent work (Zhang et al., \textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.}, vol. 129, 2022, 104501) revealed two peaks in the temporal evolution of the normal force $F(t)$ -- one at impact and another at jump-off. The second peak coincides with a Worthington jet formation, which vanishes at high viscosities due to increased viscous dissipation affecting flow focusing. In this article, using experiments, direct numerical simulations, and scaling arguments, we characterize both the peak amplitude $F_1$ at impact and the one at take off ($F_2$) and elucidate their dependency on the control parameters: the Weber number $We$ (dimensionless impact kinetic energy) and the Ohnesorge number $Oh$ (dimensionless viscosity). The first peak amplitude $F_1$ and the time $t_1$ to reach it depend on inertial timescales for low viscosity liquids, remaining nearly constant for viscosities up to 100 times that of water. For high viscosity liquids, we balance the rate of change in kinetic energy with viscous dissipation to obtain new scaling laws: $F_1/F_ρ\sim \sqrt{Oh}$ and $t_1/τ_ρ\sim 1/\sqrt{Oh}$, where $F_ρ$ and $τ_ρ$ are the inertial force and time scales, respectively, which are consistent with our data. The time $t_2$ at which the amplitude $F_2$ appears is set by the inertio-capillary timescale $τ_γ$, independent of both the viscosity and the impact velocity of the drop. However, these properties dictate the magnitude of this amplitude.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2311_03012
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The role of viscosity on drop impact forces on non-wetting surfaces
Sanjay, Vatsal
Zhang, Bin
Lv, Cunjing
Lohse, Detlef
Fluid Dynamics
Soft Condensed Matter
A liquid drop impacting a rigid substrate undergoes deformation and spreading due to normal reaction forces, which are counteracted by surface tension. On a non-wetting substrate, the drop subsequently retracts and takes off. Our recent work (Zhang et al., \textit{Phys. Rev. Lett.}, vol. 129, 2022, 104501) revealed two peaks in the temporal evolution of the normal force $F(t)$ -- one at impact and another at jump-off. The second peak coincides with a Worthington jet formation, which vanishes at high viscosities due to increased viscous dissipation affecting flow focusing. In this article, using experiments, direct numerical simulations, and scaling arguments, we characterize both the peak amplitude $F_1$ at impact and the one at take off ($F_2$) and elucidate their dependency on the control parameters: the Weber number $We$ (dimensionless impact kinetic energy) and the Ohnesorge number $Oh$ (dimensionless viscosity). The first peak amplitude $F_1$ and the time $t_1$ to reach it depend on inertial timescales for low viscosity liquids, remaining nearly constant for viscosities up to 100 times that of water. For high viscosity liquids, we balance the rate of change in kinetic energy with viscous dissipation to obtain new scaling laws: $F_1/F_ρ\sim \sqrt{Oh}$ and $t_1/τ_ρ\sim 1/\sqrt{Oh}$, where $F_ρ$ and $τ_ρ$ are the inertial force and time scales, respectively, which are consistent with our data. The time $t_2$ at which the amplitude $F_2$ appears is set by the inertio-capillary timescale $τ_γ$, independent of both the viscosity and the impact velocity of the drop. However, these properties dictate the magnitude of this amplitude.
title The role of viscosity on drop impact forces on non-wetting surfaces
topic Fluid Dynamics
Soft Condensed Matter
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.03012