SO2, silicate clouds, but no CH4 detected in a warm Neptune
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2023
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| author | Dyrek, Achrene Min, Michiel Decin, Leen Bouwman, Jeroen Crouzet, Nicolas Mollière, Paul Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Konings, Thomas Tremblin, Pascal Güdel, Manuel Pye, John Waters, Rens Henning, Thomas Vandenbussche, Bart Martinez, Francisco Ardevol Argyriou, Ioannis Ducrot, Elsa Heinke, Linus Van Looveren, Gwenael Absil, Olivier Barrado, David Baudoz, Pierre Boccaletti, Anthony Cossou, Christophe Coulais, Alain Edwards, Billy Gastaud, René Glasse, Alistair Glauser, Adrian Greene, Thomas P. Kendrew, Sarah Krause, Oliver Lahuis, Fred Mueller, Michael Olofsson, Goran Patapis, Polychronis Rouan, Daniel Royer, Pierre Scheithauer, Silvia Waldmann, Ingo Whiteford, Niall Colina, Luis van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Greve, Thomas Ostlin, Göran Ray, Tom P. Wright, Gillian |
| author_facet | Dyrek, Achrene Min, Michiel Decin, Leen Bouwman, Jeroen Crouzet, Nicolas Mollière, Paul Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Konings, Thomas Tremblin, Pascal Güdel, Manuel Pye, John Waters, Rens Henning, Thomas Vandenbussche, Bart Martinez, Francisco Ardevol Argyriou, Ioannis Ducrot, Elsa Heinke, Linus Van Looveren, Gwenael Absil, Olivier Barrado, David Baudoz, Pierre Boccaletti, Anthony Cossou, Christophe Coulais, Alain Edwards, Billy Gastaud, René Glasse, Alistair Glauser, Adrian Greene, Thomas P. Kendrew, Sarah Krause, Oliver Lahuis, Fred Mueller, Michael Olofsson, Goran Patapis, Polychronis Rouan, Daniel Royer, Pierre Scheithauer, Silvia Waldmann, Ingo Whiteford, Niall Colina, Luis van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Greve, Thomas Ostlin, Göran Ray, Tom P. Wright, Gillian |
| contents | WASP-107b is a warm (~740 K) transiting planet with a Neptune-like mass of ~30.5 Earth masses and Jupiter-like radius of ~0.94 Jupiter radius, whose extended atmosphere is eroding. Previous observations showed evidence for water vapour and a thick high-altitude condensate layer in WASP-107b's atmosphere. Recently, photochemically produced sulphur dioxide (SO2) was detected in the atmosphere of a hot (~1200 K) Saturn-mass planet from transmission spectroscopy near 4.05 microns, but for temperatures below 1000 K sulphur is predicted to preferably form sulphur allotropes instead of SO2. Here we report the 9-sigma detection of two fundamental vibration bands of SO2, at 7.35 microns and 8.69 microns, in the transmission spectrum of WASP-107b using the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of the JWST. This discovery establishes WASP-107b as the second irradiated exoplanet with confirmed photochemistry, extending the temperature range of exoplanets exhibiting detected photochemistry from ~1200 K down to ~740 K. Additionally, our spectral analysis reveals the presence of silicate clouds, which are strongly favoured (~7-sigma) over simpler cloud setups. Furthermore, water is detected (~12-sigma), but methane is not. These findings provide evidence of disequilibrium chemistry and indicate a dynamically active atmosphere with a super-solar metallicity. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2311_12515 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | SO2, silicate clouds, but no CH4 detected in a warm Neptune Dyrek, Achrene Min, Michiel Decin, Leen Bouwman, Jeroen Crouzet, Nicolas Mollière, Paul Lagage, Pierre-Olivier Konings, Thomas Tremblin, Pascal Güdel, Manuel Pye, John Waters, Rens Henning, Thomas Vandenbussche, Bart Martinez, Francisco Ardevol Argyriou, Ioannis Ducrot, Elsa Heinke, Linus Van Looveren, Gwenael Absil, Olivier Barrado, David Baudoz, Pierre Boccaletti, Anthony Cossou, Christophe Coulais, Alain Edwards, Billy Gastaud, René Glasse, Alistair Glauser, Adrian Greene, Thomas P. Kendrew, Sarah Krause, Oliver Lahuis, Fred Mueller, Michael Olofsson, Goran Patapis, Polychronis Rouan, Daniel Royer, Pierre Scheithauer, Silvia Waldmann, Ingo Whiteford, Niall Colina, Luis van Dishoeck, Ewine F. Greve, Thomas Ostlin, Göran Ray, Tom P. Wright, Gillian Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics WASP-107b is a warm (~740 K) transiting planet with a Neptune-like mass of ~30.5 Earth masses and Jupiter-like radius of ~0.94 Jupiter radius, whose extended atmosphere is eroding. Previous observations showed evidence for water vapour and a thick high-altitude condensate layer in WASP-107b's atmosphere. Recently, photochemically produced sulphur dioxide (SO2) was detected in the atmosphere of a hot (~1200 K) Saturn-mass planet from transmission spectroscopy near 4.05 microns, but for temperatures below 1000 K sulphur is predicted to preferably form sulphur allotropes instead of SO2. Here we report the 9-sigma detection of two fundamental vibration bands of SO2, at 7.35 microns and 8.69 microns, in the transmission spectrum of WASP-107b using the Mid-Infrared Instrument (MIRI) of the JWST. This discovery establishes WASP-107b as the second irradiated exoplanet with confirmed photochemistry, extending the temperature range of exoplanets exhibiting detected photochemistry from ~1200 K down to ~740 K. Additionally, our spectral analysis reveals the presence of silicate clouds, which are strongly favoured (~7-sigma) over simpler cloud setups. Furthermore, water is detected (~12-sigma), but methane is not. These findings provide evidence of disequilibrium chemistry and indicate a dynamically active atmosphere with a super-solar metallicity. |
| title | SO2, silicate clouds, but no CH4 detected in a warm Neptune |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.12515 |