Resource-efficient shadow tomography using equatorial stabilizer measurements

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Park, Guedong, Teo, Yong Siah, Jeong, Hyunseok
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Park, Guedong
Teo, Yong Siah
Jeong, Hyunseok
author_facet Park, Guedong
Teo, Yong Siah
Jeong, Hyunseok
contents We propose a resource-efficient shadow-tomography scheme using equatorial-stabilizer measurements generated from subsets of Clifford unitaries. For $n$-qubit systems, equatorial-stabilizer-based shadow-tomography schemes can estimate $M$ observables (up to an additive error $\varepsilon$) using $\mathcal{O}(\log(M),\mathrm{poly}(n),1/\varepsilon^2)$ sampling copies for a large class of observables, including those with traceless parts possessing polynomially-bounded Frobenius norms. For arbitrary quantum-state observables with a constant Frobenius norm, sampling complexity becomes $n$-independent. Our scheme only requires an $n$-depth controlled-$Z$~(CZ) circuit [$\mathcal{O}(n^2)$ CZ~gates] and Pauli measurements per sampling copy. Alternatively, our scheme is realizable with $2n$-depth circuits comprising $n^2$ nearest-neighboring CNOT gates, exhibiting a smaller maximal gate count relative to previously-known randomized-Clifford-based proposals. We numerically confirm our theoretically-derived shadow-tomographic sampling complexities with random pure states and multiqubit graph states. Finally, we demonstrate that equatorial-stabilizer-based shadow~tomography is more noise-tolerant than randomized-Clifford-based schemes in terms of fidelity estimation for Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger (GHZ) state and W~state.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Resource-efficient shadow tomography using equatorial stabilizer measurements
Park, Guedong
Teo, Yong Siah
Jeong, Hyunseok
Quantum Physics
We propose a resource-efficient shadow-tomography scheme using equatorial-stabilizer measurements generated from subsets of Clifford unitaries. For $n$-qubit systems, equatorial-stabilizer-based shadow-tomography schemes can estimate $M$ observables (up to an additive error $\varepsilon$) using $\mathcal{O}(\log(M),\mathrm{poly}(n),1/\varepsilon^2)$ sampling copies for a large class of observables, including those with traceless parts possessing polynomially-bounded Frobenius norms. For arbitrary quantum-state observables with a constant Frobenius norm, sampling complexity becomes $n$-independent. Our scheme only requires an $n$-depth controlled-$Z$~(CZ) circuit [$\mathcal{O}(n^2)$ CZ~gates] and Pauli measurements per sampling copy. Alternatively, our scheme is realizable with $2n$-depth circuits comprising $n^2$ nearest-neighboring CNOT gates, exhibiting a smaller maximal gate count relative to previously-known randomized-Clifford-based proposals. We numerically confirm our theoretically-derived shadow-tomographic sampling complexities with random pure states and multiqubit graph states. Finally, we demonstrate that equatorial-stabilizer-based shadow~tomography is more noise-tolerant than randomized-Clifford-based schemes in terms of fidelity estimation for Greenberger--Horne--Zeilinger (GHZ) state and W~state.
title Resource-efficient shadow tomography using equatorial stabilizer measurements
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.14622