Cosmological Time Crystals from Gauss-Bonnet Gravity in Four Dimensions

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Hauptverfasser: Khodabakhshi, H., Shojai, F., Lü, H.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2023
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author Khodabakhshi, H.
Shojai, F.
Lü, H.
author_facet Khodabakhshi, H.
Shojai, F.
Lü, H.
contents We investigate various cosmological aspects of a 4-Dimensional Gauss-Bonnet Lagrangian, which is integrated into the Einstein Lagrangian with an arbitrary sign, using the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. We consider a general potential term, $V(a)$, that depends on the scale factor $a$, and we analyze several scenarios by investigating the critical points of the dynamical equations and stability conditions to understand how the universe's behavior is affected by the Gauss-Bonnet term. Our research suggests that choosing the negative sign, this integration allows for the spontaneous breaking of time reflection symmetry. This can lead to the generation of a bounce universe even with a normal matter sector, marking a significant departure from traditional theories. Furthermore, we examine the possibility of a time-crystal universe, showing that under certain circumstances, the theory might give rise to cyclic universes.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2311_15272
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Cosmological Time Crystals from Gauss-Bonnet Gravity in Four Dimensions
Khodabakhshi, H.
Shojai, F.
Lü, H.
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
We investigate various cosmological aspects of a 4-Dimensional Gauss-Bonnet Lagrangian, which is integrated into the Einstein Lagrangian with an arbitrary sign, using the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. We consider a general potential term, $V(a)$, that depends on the scale factor $a$, and we analyze several scenarios by investigating the critical points of the dynamical equations and stability conditions to understand how the universe's behavior is affected by the Gauss-Bonnet term. Our research suggests that choosing the negative sign, this integration allows for the spontaneous breaking of time reflection symmetry. This can lead to the generation of a bounce universe even with a normal matter sector, marking a significant departure from traditional theories. Furthermore, we examine the possibility of a time-crystal universe, showing that under certain circumstances, the theory might give rise to cyclic universes.
title Cosmological Time Crystals from Gauss-Bonnet Gravity in Four Dimensions
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.15272