Cosmological Time Crystals from Gauss-Bonnet Gravity in Four Dimensions
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2023
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| author | Khodabakhshi, H. Shojai, F. Lü, H. |
| author_facet | Khodabakhshi, H. Shojai, F. Lü, H. |
| contents | We investigate various cosmological aspects of a 4-Dimensional Gauss-Bonnet Lagrangian, which is integrated into the Einstein Lagrangian with an arbitrary sign, using the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. We consider a general potential term, $V(a)$, that depends on the scale factor $a$, and we analyze several scenarios by investigating the critical points of the dynamical equations and stability conditions to understand how the universe's behavior is affected by the Gauss-Bonnet term. Our research suggests that choosing the negative sign, this integration allows for the spontaneous breaking of time reflection symmetry. This can lead to the generation of a bounce universe even with a normal matter sector, marking a significant departure from traditional theories. Furthermore, we examine the possibility of a time-crystal universe, showing that under certain circumstances, the theory might give rise to cyclic universes. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2311_15272 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cosmological Time Crystals from Gauss-Bonnet Gravity in Four Dimensions Khodabakhshi, H. Shojai, F. Lü, H. General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology We investigate various cosmological aspects of a 4-Dimensional Gauss-Bonnet Lagrangian, which is integrated into the Einstein Lagrangian with an arbitrary sign, using the Friedman-Lemaître-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) metric. We consider a general potential term, $V(a)$, that depends on the scale factor $a$, and we analyze several scenarios by investigating the critical points of the dynamical equations and stability conditions to understand how the universe's behavior is affected by the Gauss-Bonnet term. Our research suggests that choosing the negative sign, this integration allows for the spontaneous breaking of time reflection symmetry. This can lead to the generation of a bounce universe even with a normal matter sector, marking a significant departure from traditional theories. Furthermore, we examine the possibility of a time-crystal universe, showing that under certain circumstances, the theory might give rise to cyclic universes. |
| title | Cosmological Time Crystals from Gauss-Bonnet Gravity in Four Dimensions |
| topic | General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2311.15272 |