Precision Multi-Mode Microwave Spectroscopy of Paramagnetic and Rare-Earth Ion Spin Defects in Single Crystal Calcium Tungstate
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2023
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| _version_ | 1866909358104772608 |
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| author | Hartman, Elrina Tobar, Michael E McAllister, Ben T Bourhill, Jeremy Goryachev, Maxim |
| author_facet | Hartman, Elrina Tobar, Michael E McAllister, Ben T Bourhill, Jeremy Goryachev, Maxim |
| contents | We present experimental observations of dilute ion spin ensemble defects in a low-loss single crystal cylindrical sample of CaWO$_4$ cooled to $30$ mK in temperature. Crystal field perturbations were elucidated by constructing a dielectrically loaded microwave cavity resonator from the crystal. The resonator exhibited numerous whispering gallery modes with high $Q$-factors of up to $3\times 10^7$, equivalent to a loss tangent of $\sim 3\times 10^{-8}$. The low loss allowed precision multi-mode spectroscopy of numerous high $Q$-factor photon-spin interactions. Measurements between 7 to 22 GHz revealed the presence of Gd$^{3+}$, Fe$^{3+}$, and another trace species, inferred to be rare-earth, at concentrations on the order of parts per billion. These findings motivate further exploration of prospective uses of this low-loss dielectric material for applications regarding precision and quantum metrology, as well as tests for beyond standard model physics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2312_05199 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2023 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Precision Multi-Mode Microwave Spectroscopy of Paramagnetic and Rare-Earth Ion Spin Defects in Single Crystal Calcium Tungstate Hartman, Elrina Tobar, Michael E McAllister, Ben T Bourhill, Jeremy Goryachev, Maxim Quantum Physics Materials Science We present experimental observations of dilute ion spin ensemble defects in a low-loss single crystal cylindrical sample of CaWO$_4$ cooled to $30$ mK in temperature. Crystal field perturbations were elucidated by constructing a dielectrically loaded microwave cavity resonator from the crystal. The resonator exhibited numerous whispering gallery modes with high $Q$-factors of up to $3\times 10^7$, equivalent to a loss tangent of $\sim 3\times 10^{-8}$. The low loss allowed precision multi-mode spectroscopy of numerous high $Q$-factor photon-spin interactions. Measurements between 7 to 22 GHz revealed the presence of Gd$^{3+}$, Fe$^{3+}$, and another trace species, inferred to be rare-earth, at concentrations on the order of parts per billion. These findings motivate further exploration of prospective uses of this low-loss dielectric material for applications regarding precision and quantum metrology, as well as tests for beyond standard model physics. |
| title | Precision Multi-Mode Microwave Spectroscopy of Paramagnetic and Rare-Earth Ion Spin Defects in Single Crystal Calcium Tungstate |
| topic | Quantum Physics Materials Science |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.05199 |