SwitchHead: Accelerating Transformers with Mixture-of-Experts Attention

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Csordás, Róbert, Piękos, Piotr, Irie, Kazuki, Schmidhuber, Jürgen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Csordás, Róbert
Piękos, Piotr
Irie, Kazuki
Schmidhuber, Jürgen
author_facet Csordás, Róbert
Piękos, Piotr
Irie, Kazuki
Schmidhuber, Jürgen
contents Despite many recent works on Mixture of Experts (MoEs) for resource-efficient Transformer language models, existing methods mostly focus on MoEs for feedforward layers. Previous attempts at extending MoE to the self-attention layer fail to match the performance of the parameter-matched baseline. Our novel SwitchHead is an effective MoE method for the attention layer that successfully reduces both the compute and memory requirements, achieving wall-clock speedup, while matching the language modeling performance of the baseline Transformer. Our novel MoE mechanism allows SwitchHead to compute up to 8 times fewer attention matrices than the standard Transformer. SwitchHead can also be combined with MoE feedforward layers, resulting in fully-MoE "SwitchAll" Transformers. For our 262M parameter model trained on C4, SwitchHead matches the perplexity of standard models with only 44% compute and 27% memory usage. Zero-shot experiments on downstream tasks confirm the performance of SwitchHead, e.g., achieving more than 3.5% absolute improvements on BliMP compared to the baseline with an equal compute resource.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2312_07987
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle SwitchHead: Accelerating Transformers with Mixture-of-Experts Attention
Csordás, Róbert
Piękos, Piotr
Irie, Kazuki
Schmidhuber, Jürgen
Machine Learning
Computation and Language
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
Despite many recent works on Mixture of Experts (MoEs) for resource-efficient Transformer language models, existing methods mostly focus on MoEs for feedforward layers. Previous attempts at extending MoE to the self-attention layer fail to match the performance of the parameter-matched baseline. Our novel SwitchHead is an effective MoE method for the attention layer that successfully reduces both the compute and memory requirements, achieving wall-clock speedup, while matching the language modeling performance of the baseline Transformer. Our novel MoE mechanism allows SwitchHead to compute up to 8 times fewer attention matrices than the standard Transformer. SwitchHead can also be combined with MoE feedforward layers, resulting in fully-MoE "SwitchAll" Transformers. For our 262M parameter model trained on C4, SwitchHead matches the perplexity of standard models with only 44% compute and 27% memory usage. Zero-shot experiments on downstream tasks confirm the performance of SwitchHead, e.g., achieving more than 3.5% absolute improvements on BliMP compared to the baseline with an equal compute resource.
title SwitchHead: Accelerating Transformers with Mixture-of-Experts Attention
topic Machine Learning
Computation and Language
Neural and Evolutionary Computing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.07987