Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation of Dipolar Molecules

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Bigagli, Niccolò, Yuan, Weijun, Zhang, Siwei, Bulatovic, Boris, Karman, Tijs, Stevenson, Ian, Will, Sebastian
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Bigagli, Niccolò
Yuan, Weijun
Zhang, Siwei
Bulatovic, Boris
Karman, Tijs
Stevenson, Ian
Will, Sebastian
author_facet Bigagli, Niccolò
Yuan, Weijun
Zhang, Siwei
Bulatovic, Boris
Karman, Tijs
Stevenson, Ian
Will, Sebastian
contents Ensembles of particles governed by quantum mechanical laws exhibit fascinating emergent behavior. Atomic quantum gases, liquid helium, and electrons in quantum materials all show distinct properties due to their composition and interactions. Quantum degenerate samples of bosonic dipolar molecules promise the realization of novel phases of matter with tunable dipolar interactions and new avenues for quantum simulation and quantum computation. However, rapid losses, even when reduced through collisional shielding techniques, have so far prevented cooling to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). In this work, we report on the realization of a BEC of dipolar molecules. By strongly suppressing two- and three-body losses via enhanced collisional shielding, we evaporatively cool sodium-cesium (NaCs) molecules to quantum degeneracy. The BEC reveals itself via a bimodal distribution and a phase-space-density exceeding one. BECs with a condensate fraction of 60(10) % and a temperature of 6(2) nK are created and found to be stable with a lifetime close to 2 seconds. This work opens the door to the exploration of dipolar quantum matter in regimes that have been inaccessible so far, promising the creation of exotic dipolar droplets, self-organized crystal phases, and dipolar spin liquids in optical lattices.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2312_10965
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation of Dipolar Molecules
Bigagli, Niccolò
Yuan, Weijun
Zhang, Siwei
Bulatovic, Boris
Karman, Tijs
Stevenson, Ian
Will, Sebastian
Quantum Gases
Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Atomic Physics
Quantum Physics
Ensembles of particles governed by quantum mechanical laws exhibit fascinating emergent behavior. Atomic quantum gases, liquid helium, and electrons in quantum materials all show distinct properties due to their composition and interactions. Quantum degenerate samples of bosonic dipolar molecules promise the realization of novel phases of matter with tunable dipolar interactions and new avenues for quantum simulation and quantum computation. However, rapid losses, even when reduced through collisional shielding techniques, have so far prevented cooling to a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC). In this work, we report on the realization of a BEC of dipolar molecules. By strongly suppressing two- and three-body losses via enhanced collisional shielding, we evaporatively cool sodium-cesium (NaCs) molecules to quantum degeneracy. The BEC reveals itself via a bimodal distribution and a phase-space-density exceeding one. BECs with a condensate fraction of 60(10) % and a temperature of 6(2) nK are created and found to be stable with a lifetime close to 2 seconds. This work opens the door to the exploration of dipolar quantum matter in regimes that have been inaccessible so far, promising the creation of exotic dipolar droplets, self-organized crystal phases, and dipolar spin liquids in optical lattices.
title Observation of Bose-Einstein Condensation of Dipolar Molecules
topic Quantum Gases
Atomic and Molecular Clusters
Atomic Physics
Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.10965