Chiral perturbation theory and Bose-Einstein condensation in QCD

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Main Authors: Andersen, Jens O., Johnsrud, Martin Kjøllesdal, Yu, Qing, Zhou, Hua
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Andersen, Jens O.
Johnsrud, Martin Kjøllesdal
Yu, Qing
Zhou, Hua
author_facet Andersen, Jens O.
Johnsrud, Martin Kjøllesdal
Yu, Qing
Zhou, Hua
contents We present recent results in three-flavor chiral perturbation theory at finite isospin $μ_I$ and strangeness $μ_s$ chemical potentials at zero temperature. The phase diagram to ${\cal O}(p^2)$ in the $μ_I$--$μ_S$ plane is mapped out with and without electromagnetic effects. The phase diagram consists of a vacuum phase and three Bose-condensed phases with condensates of $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, and $K^{0}/\bar{K}^0$, respectively. Including electromagnetic interactions, the Bose-condensed phases become Higgs phases via the Higgs mechanism. The tree-level spectrum for the mesons and gauge bosons is also derived. We calculate the pressure, energy density, isospin density, and speed of sound in the pion-condensed phase to ${\cal O}(p^4)$ for three-flavor $χ$PT. The results are compared with recent lattice simulations and the agreement is very good for isospin chemical potentials up to approximately 200 MeV. Moreover, by integrating out the $s$-quark, we show that the thermodynamic quantities can be mapped onto their two-flavor counterparts with renormalized parameters. %to ${\cal O}(p^6)$ for two-flavor $χ$PT in the chiral limit. We also consider the nonrelativistic limit. It is shown that the energy density can be matched onto the classic result by Lee, Huang and Yang (LHY) for a dilute Bose, with an $s$-wave scattering length that includes radiative corrections. The breaking of the $U(1)$ symmetry in the Bose-condensed phases gives rise to a Goldstone bosons, whose dispersion is linear for momenta $p\llμ_I$. In this regime, we use Son's prescription to construct an effective theory for the Goldstone field which is valid in this regime. It is shown that its damping rate is of order $p^5$. This result is in agreement with Beliav's for a dilute Bose gas.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2312_13092
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Chiral perturbation theory and Bose-Einstein condensation in QCD
Andersen, Jens O.
Johnsrud, Martin Kjøllesdal
Yu, Qing
Zhou, Hua
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Quantum Gases
High Energy Physics - Lattice
We present recent results in three-flavor chiral perturbation theory at finite isospin $μ_I$ and strangeness $μ_s$ chemical potentials at zero temperature. The phase diagram to ${\cal O}(p^2)$ in the $μ_I$--$μ_S$ plane is mapped out with and without electromagnetic effects. The phase diagram consists of a vacuum phase and three Bose-condensed phases with condensates of $π^{\pm}$, $K^{\pm}$, and $K^{0}/\bar{K}^0$, respectively. Including electromagnetic interactions, the Bose-condensed phases become Higgs phases via the Higgs mechanism. The tree-level spectrum for the mesons and gauge bosons is also derived. We calculate the pressure, energy density, isospin density, and speed of sound in the pion-condensed phase to ${\cal O}(p^4)$ for three-flavor $χ$PT. The results are compared with recent lattice simulations and the agreement is very good for isospin chemical potentials up to approximately 200 MeV. Moreover, by integrating out the $s$-quark, we show that the thermodynamic quantities can be mapped onto their two-flavor counterparts with renormalized parameters. %to ${\cal O}(p^6)$ for two-flavor $χ$PT in the chiral limit. We also consider the nonrelativistic limit. It is shown that the energy density can be matched onto the classic result by Lee, Huang and Yang (LHY) for a dilute Bose, with an $s$-wave scattering length that includes radiative corrections. The breaking of the $U(1)$ symmetry in the Bose-condensed phases gives rise to a Goldstone bosons, whose dispersion is linear for momenta $p\llμ_I$. In this regime, we use Son's prescription to construct an effective theory for the Goldstone field which is valid in this regime. It is shown that its damping rate is of order $p^5$. This result is in agreement with Beliav's for a dilute Bose gas.
title Chiral perturbation theory and Bose-Einstein condensation in QCD
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Quantum Gases
High Energy Physics - Lattice
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.13092