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Hauptverfasser: Mittal, Sarang, Adachi, Kazemi, Frattini, Nicholas E., Urmey, Maxwell D., Lin, Sheng-Xiang, Emser, Alec L., Metzger, Cyril, Talamo, Luca, Dickson, Sarah, Carlson, David, Papp, Scott B., Regal, Cindy A., Lehnert, Konrad W.
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2023
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Online-Zugang:https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.13504
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author Mittal, Sarang
Adachi, Kazemi
Frattini, Nicholas E.
Urmey, Maxwell D.
Lin, Sheng-Xiang
Emser, Alec L.
Metzger, Cyril
Talamo, Luca
Dickson, Sarah
Carlson, David
Papp, Scott B.
Regal, Cindy A.
Lehnert, Konrad W.
author_facet Mittal, Sarang
Adachi, Kazemi
Frattini, Nicholas E.
Urmey, Maxwell D.
Lin, Sheng-Xiang
Emser, Alec L.
Metzger, Cyril
Talamo, Luca
Dickson, Sarah
Carlson, David
Papp, Scott B.
Regal, Cindy A.
Lehnert, Konrad W.
contents The dielectric loss of silicon nitride (Si$_3$N$_4$) limits the performance of microwave-frequency devices that rely on this material for sensing, signal processing, and quantum communication. Using superconducting resonant circuits, we measure the cryogenic loss tangent of either as-deposited or high-temperature annealed stoichiometric Si$_3$N$_4$ as a function of drive strength and temperature. The internal loss behavior of the electrical resonators is largely consistent with the standard tunneling model of two-level systems (TLS), including damping caused by resonant energy exchange with TLS and by the relaxation of non-resonant TLS. We further supplement the TLS model with a self-heating effect to explain an increase in the loss observed in as-deposited films at large drive powers. Critically, we demonstrate that annealing remedies this anomalous power-induced loss, reduces the relaxation-type damping by more than two orders of magnitude, and reduces the resonant-type damping by a factor of three. Employing infrared absorption spectroscopy, we find that annealing reduces the concentration of hydrogen in the Si$_3$N$_4$, suggesting that hydrogen impurities cause substantial dissipation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2312_13504
institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Annealing reduces Si$_3$N$_4$ microwave-frequency dielectric loss in superconducting resonators
Mittal, Sarang
Adachi, Kazemi
Frattini, Nicholas E.
Urmey, Maxwell D.
Lin, Sheng-Xiang
Emser, Alec L.
Metzger, Cyril
Talamo, Luca
Dickson, Sarah
Carlson, David
Papp, Scott B.
Regal, Cindy A.
Lehnert, Konrad W.
Quantum Physics
The dielectric loss of silicon nitride (Si$_3$N$_4$) limits the performance of microwave-frequency devices that rely on this material for sensing, signal processing, and quantum communication. Using superconducting resonant circuits, we measure the cryogenic loss tangent of either as-deposited or high-temperature annealed stoichiometric Si$_3$N$_4$ as a function of drive strength and temperature. The internal loss behavior of the electrical resonators is largely consistent with the standard tunneling model of two-level systems (TLS), including damping caused by resonant energy exchange with TLS and by the relaxation of non-resonant TLS. We further supplement the TLS model with a self-heating effect to explain an increase in the loss observed in as-deposited films at large drive powers. Critically, we demonstrate that annealing remedies this anomalous power-induced loss, reduces the relaxation-type damping by more than two orders of magnitude, and reduces the resonant-type damping by a factor of three. Employing infrared absorption spectroscopy, we find that annealing reduces the concentration of hydrogen in the Si$_3$N$_4$, suggesting that hydrogen impurities cause substantial dissipation.
title Annealing reduces Si$_3$N$_4$ microwave-frequency dielectric loss in superconducting resonators
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.13504