Higgs-Confinement Transitions in QCD from Symmetry Protected Topological Phases

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Dumitrescu, Thomas T., Hsin, Po-Shen
Format: Preprint
Published: 2023
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author Dumitrescu, Thomas T.
Hsin, Po-Shen
author_facet Dumitrescu, Thomas T.
Hsin, Po-Shen
contents In gauge theories with fundamental matter there is typically no sharp way to distinguish confining and Higgs regimes, e.g. using generalized global symmetries acting on loop order parameters. It is standard lore that these two regimes are continuously connected, as has been explicitly demonstrated in certain lattice and continuum models. We point out that Higgsing and confinement sometimes lead to distinct symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases -- necessarily separated by a phase transition -- for ordinary global symmetries. We present explicit examples in 3+1 dimensions, obtained by adding elementary Higgs fields and Yukawa couplings to QCD while preserving parity P and time reversal T. In a suitable scheme, the confining phases of these theories are trivial SPTs, while their Higgs phases are characterized by non-trivial P- and T-invariant theta-angles $θ_f, θ_g = π$ for flavor or gravity background gauge fields, i.e. they are topological insulators or superconductors. Finally, we consider conventional three-flavor QCD (without elementary Higgs fields) at finite $U(1)_B$ baryon-number chemical potential $μ_B$, which preserves P and T. At very large $μ_B$, three-flavor QCD is known to be a completely Higgsed color superconductor that also spontaneously breaks $U(1)_B$. We argue that this high-density phase is in fact a gapless SPT, with a gravitational theta-angle $θ_g = π$ that safely co-exists with the $U(1)_B$ Nambu-Goldstone boson. We explain why this SPT motivates unexpected transitions in the QCD phase diagram, as well as anomalous surface modes at the boundary of quark-matter cores inside neutron stars.
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2023
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Higgs-Confinement Transitions in QCD from Symmetry Protected Topological Phases
Dumitrescu, Thomas T.
Hsin, Po-Shen
High Energy Physics - Theory
Strongly Correlated Electrons
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
In gauge theories with fundamental matter there is typically no sharp way to distinguish confining and Higgs regimes, e.g. using generalized global symmetries acting on loop order parameters. It is standard lore that these two regimes are continuously connected, as has been explicitly demonstrated in certain lattice and continuum models. We point out that Higgsing and confinement sometimes lead to distinct symmetry protected topological (SPT) phases -- necessarily separated by a phase transition -- for ordinary global symmetries. We present explicit examples in 3+1 dimensions, obtained by adding elementary Higgs fields and Yukawa couplings to QCD while preserving parity P and time reversal T. In a suitable scheme, the confining phases of these theories are trivial SPTs, while their Higgs phases are characterized by non-trivial P- and T-invariant theta-angles $θ_f, θ_g = π$ for flavor or gravity background gauge fields, i.e. they are topological insulators or superconductors. Finally, we consider conventional three-flavor QCD (without elementary Higgs fields) at finite $U(1)_B$ baryon-number chemical potential $μ_B$, which preserves P and T. At very large $μ_B$, three-flavor QCD is known to be a completely Higgsed color superconductor that also spontaneously breaks $U(1)_B$. We argue that this high-density phase is in fact a gapless SPT, with a gravitational theta-angle $θ_g = π$ that safely co-exists with the $U(1)_B$ Nambu-Goldstone boson. We explain why this SPT motivates unexpected transitions in the QCD phase diagram, as well as anomalous surface modes at the boundary of quark-matter cores inside neutron stars.
title Higgs-Confinement Transitions in QCD from Symmetry Protected Topological Phases
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
Strongly Correlated Electrons
High Energy Physics - Lattice
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Nuclear Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2312.16898