Spectacular nucleosynthesis from early massive stars
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arXiv
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2024
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| author | Ji, Alexander P. Curtis, Sanjana Storm, Nicholas Chandra, Vedant Schlaufman, Kevin C. Stassun, Keivan G. Heger, Alexander Pignatari, Marco Price-Whelan, Adrian M. Bergemann, Maria Stringfellow, Guy S. Frohlich, Carla Reggiani, Henrique Holmbeck, Erika M. Tayar, Jamie Shah, Shivani P. Griffith, Emily J. Laporte, Chervin F. P. Casey, Andrew R. Hawkins, Keith Horta, Danny Cerny, William Thibodeaux, Pierre Usman, Sam A. Amarante, Joao A. S. Beaton, Rachael L. Cargile, Phillip A. Chiappini, Cristina Conroy, Charlie Johnson, Jennifer A. Kollmeier, Juna A. Li, Haining Loebman, Sarah Meynet, Georges Bizyaev, Dmitry Brownstein, Joel R. Gupta, Pramod Morrison, Sean Pan, Kaike Ramirez, Solange V. Rix, Hans-Walter Sanchez-Gallego, Jose |
| author_facet | Ji, Alexander P. Curtis, Sanjana Storm, Nicholas Chandra, Vedant Schlaufman, Kevin C. Stassun, Keivan G. Heger, Alexander Pignatari, Marco Price-Whelan, Adrian M. Bergemann, Maria Stringfellow, Guy S. Frohlich, Carla Reggiani, Henrique Holmbeck, Erika M. Tayar, Jamie Shah, Shivani P. Griffith, Emily J. Laporte, Chervin F. P. Casey, Andrew R. Hawkins, Keith Horta, Danny Cerny, William Thibodeaux, Pierre Usman, Sam A. Amarante, Joao A. S. Beaton, Rachael L. Cargile, Phillip A. Chiappini, Cristina Conroy, Charlie Johnson, Jennifer A. Kollmeier, Juna A. Li, Haining Loebman, Sarah Meynet, Georges Bizyaev, Dmitry Brownstein, Joel R. Gupta, Pramod Morrison, Sean Pan, Kaike Ramirez, Solange V. Rix, Hans-Walter Sanchez-Gallego, Jose |
| contents | Stars formed with initial mass over 50 Msun are very rare today, but they are thought to be more common in the early universe. The fates of those early, metal-poor, massive stars are highly uncertain. Most are expected to directly collapse to black holes, while some may explode as a result of rotationally powered engines or the pair-creation instability. We present the chemical abundances of J0931+0038, a nearby low-mass star identified in early followup of SDSS-V Milky Way Mapper, which preserves the signature of unusual nucleosynthesis from a massive star in the early universe. J0931+0038 has relatively high metallicity ([Fe/H] = -1.76 +/- 0.13) but an extreme odd-even abundance pattern, with some of the lowest known abundance ratios of [N/Fe], [Na/Fe], [K/Fe], [Sc/Fe], and [Ba/Fe]. The implication is that a majority of its metals originated in a single extremely metal-poor nucleosynthetic source. An extensive search through nucleosynthesis predictions finds a clear preference for progenitors with initial mass > 50 Msun, making J0931+0038 one of the first observational constraints on nucleosynthesis in this mass range. However the full abundance pattern is not matched by any models in the literature. J0931+0038 thus presents a challenge for the next generation of nucleosynthesis models and motivates study of high-mass progenitor stars impacted by convection, rotation, jets, and/or binary companions. Though rare, more examples of unusual early nucleosynthesis in metal-poor stars should be found in upcoming large spectroscopic surveys. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2401_02484 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2024 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Spectacular nucleosynthesis from early massive stars Ji, Alexander P. Curtis, Sanjana Storm, Nicholas Chandra, Vedant Schlaufman, Kevin C. Stassun, Keivan G. Heger, Alexander Pignatari, Marco Price-Whelan, Adrian M. Bergemann, Maria Stringfellow, Guy S. Frohlich, Carla Reggiani, Henrique Holmbeck, Erika M. Tayar, Jamie Shah, Shivani P. Griffith, Emily J. Laporte, Chervin F. P. Casey, Andrew R. Hawkins, Keith Horta, Danny Cerny, William Thibodeaux, Pierre Usman, Sam A. Amarante, Joao A. S. Beaton, Rachael L. Cargile, Phillip A. Chiappini, Cristina Conroy, Charlie Johnson, Jennifer A. Kollmeier, Juna A. Li, Haining Loebman, Sarah Meynet, Georges Bizyaev, Dmitry Brownstein, Joel R. Gupta, Pramod Morrison, Sean Pan, Kaike Ramirez, Solange V. Rix, Hans-Walter Sanchez-Gallego, Jose Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Stars formed with initial mass over 50 Msun are very rare today, but they are thought to be more common in the early universe. The fates of those early, metal-poor, massive stars are highly uncertain. Most are expected to directly collapse to black holes, while some may explode as a result of rotationally powered engines or the pair-creation instability. We present the chemical abundances of J0931+0038, a nearby low-mass star identified in early followup of SDSS-V Milky Way Mapper, which preserves the signature of unusual nucleosynthesis from a massive star in the early universe. J0931+0038 has relatively high metallicity ([Fe/H] = -1.76 +/- 0.13) but an extreme odd-even abundance pattern, with some of the lowest known abundance ratios of [N/Fe], [Na/Fe], [K/Fe], [Sc/Fe], and [Ba/Fe]. The implication is that a majority of its metals originated in a single extremely metal-poor nucleosynthetic source. An extensive search through nucleosynthesis predictions finds a clear preference for progenitors with initial mass > 50 Msun, making J0931+0038 one of the first observational constraints on nucleosynthesis in this mass range. However the full abundance pattern is not matched by any models in the literature. J0931+0038 thus presents a challenge for the next generation of nucleosynthesis models and motivates study of high-mass progenitor stars impacted by convection, rotation, jets, and/or binary companions. Though rare, more examples of unusual early nucleosynthesis in metal-poor stars should be found in upcoming large spectroscopic surveys. |
| title | Spectacular nucleosynthesis from early massive stars |
| topic | Solar and Stellar Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2401.02484 |